introduction: acute renal failure is an uncommon complication of idiopathic nephritic syndrome in children. renal failure could be secondary to causes such as sever hypovolumia, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, bilateral renal vein thrombosis, acute pyelonephritis and rapid progression of original glomerular disease. it may be idiopathic if the underlying cause is undetermined. a...

This study was designed to define quantitatively the function of the rat glomerular mesangium in the uptake and processing of intravenously administered protein macromolecules (radiolabeled aggregated human IgG, AHIgG-(125)I), to relate this function to that of the general reticuloendothelial system, and to examine the effects of increased glomerular permeability to protein on the mesangial cel...

The influence of molecular charge on glomerular permeability to the globular ferritin molecule in vivo was investigated. Mice (Charles River CD strain) and rats (Munich-Wistar strain) were injected intravenously either with native anionic ferritin or various cationized derivatives with different isoelectric points (pI) and the kidneys were examined by electron microscopy. Native anionic ferriti...

The precise nature and role of a charge-selectivity barrier, existing at the level of the glomerular capillary wall has been the subject of continuing controversy since it was first postulated over 30 years ago. Recent studies suggest that some earlier observations may have been overinterpreted and that the conclusions reached should be re-examined. The concept of a charge-selectivity barrier a...

It is generally accepted that proteinuria results from increased permeability. Although no recognizable structural abnormality has been defined to indicate a pathway of protein excretion, the permeability of the glomerular membrane, under conditions of moderate and heavy proteinuria, has been interpreted in terms of distribution of "pore size" (1-3). This concept suggests the presence of "defec...

Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a key defense mechanism against oxidative stress. Compared with tubules, glomeruli are refractory to HO-1 upregulation in response to injury. This can be a disadvantage as it may be associated with insufficient production of cytoprotective heme-degradation metabolites. We, therefore, explored whether 1) targeted HO-1 expression can be achieved in glomeruli ...

Heparan sulfate, the polysaccharide side chain of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is important for the permselective properties of the glomerular basement membrane. In this report, we show a role for hydroxyl radicals in heparan sulfate degradation and an enhanced glomerular basement membrane permeability. First, in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, exposure of coated heparan sulfate (proteoglyc...

Renal pathological changes of diabetes include thickening of all renal extracellular basement membranes and the mesangial matrix and, to a lesser extent, mesangial cell expansion. Two renal lesions appear critical in diabetic nephropathy. Mesangial expansion out of proportion to the size of the glomerulus is related to proteinuria, hypertension, and declining GFR. Arteriolar hyalinosis is relat...