introduction: association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in mu opioid receptor gene and drug addiction has been shown in various studies. here, we have evaluated the existence of polymorphisms in exon 3 of this gene in iranian population and investigated the possible association between these mutations and opioid addiction.  methods: 79 opioid-dependent subjects (55 males, 24 fe...

Hemoglobin (Hb) Q-Thailand, also known as G-Taichung, Mahidol, Kurashiki-I and Asabara, is an α-globin chain variant that results from a point mutation (GAC→CAC; Asp→His) at codon 74 of the α1-globin gene on chromosome 16p with a leftward single α-globin gene deletion (-α(4.2)). Co-inheritance of Hb Q-Thailand with α-thalassemia (mainly --(SEA)) results in thalassemia intermedia, termed Hb Q-H ...

background aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is characterized by meningeal inflammation that is not linked to identifiable bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). objectives this study aimed to evaluate the frequency of aseptic meningitis caused by herpesviruses, namely herpes simplex types i and ii (hsv-1, hsv-2), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (...

conclusions in the present study, the highest prevalence was for st5, which is so important for epidemiology and risk of human infection. the report related to st3 in cattle as a subtype of human showed mutual infection between human and cattle. another important point in this study was the st6 report. finally, it seems that gathering epidemiological data is needed for a better understanding of...

background toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite, which is widely spread in the world. the parasite is able to infect all warm-blooded hosts including human.the infection occures via consumption of food or water containing oocytes, eatingundercooked meats containing tissue cysts, and placenta. undercooked meat consumption is one of the most important ways of toxoplasma transm...

conclusions using the pcr-rflp method, three distinctive h. pylori caga genotypes were detected in antral biopsies. genotype i, which was predominant among the isolates, was significantly associated with gastritis. however, the data showed that caga genotype iii may play a role in duodenitis and duodenal ulcers in patients infected with h. pylori. patients and methods a total of 161 gastric bio...

background human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) is one of the health threatening problems in endemic areas and can be transmitted by different routes such as blood transfusion. in order to correct chronic anemia in thalassemia subjects, they may need to get blood units per month. thus, they are at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses such as htlv-i. objectives in the present study, ...

conclusions the results revealed, the specific primers that amplified the ente gene were able to amplify the staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin type p gene. the specific primers for the entp gene were amplified a fragmented gene (700 bp) showed 100% homology with entp reference gene and also 80% homology with enta and ente genes. results the pcr amplification method was optimized for entp ge...

an amplification polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for the direct detection of chlamydia trachomatis in urethral and endocervical swab specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic women and men were compared to standard culture technique. during 6 months, 300 endocervical swab specimens from 205 asymptomatic women (64.4%) and 95 symptomatic women (31.6%), and 187 urethral swab specimens from ...

conclusions based on our study, plca and hlya played a key role in the virulence determination of l. monocytogenes. data analysis also showed that l. monocytogenes could be a causative agent of abortion in pregnant women. results out of 96 samples, 16 isolates of l. monocytogenes by pcr (plca and hlya) and four isolates by culture were identified. there was a significant difference between pcr ...