Despite the very important use of arterial bypass conduits, vein grafts remain one cornerstone in coronary surgery. Newer studies show a saphenous vein graft patency of about 60% at 10 years postoperatively. This article reviews the in vivo (animal) models of vein graft disease. According to the different models, the findings on pathology of graft thrombosis, neointimal hyperplasia, and vein gr...

(Suggestions are based on Level III and IV evidence) • In children treated with cyclosporin, 2 h peak cyclosporin level (C2) monitoring should be used in the initial post-transplant period, as the C2 level is a better predictor of cyclosporin exposure than C0 monitoring (Level III evidence). Limited data suggest that the C2 level should be maintained above 1500 ng/mL in the early post-transplan...

As it was reported earlier that isradipine, a Ca superset 2+ antagonist of dihydropyridine derivative class, caused regression of nifedipine-induced hyperplasia of human gingiva, experiments were performed to examine whether or not isradipine would solely inhibit the proliferation of cultured gingival fibroblasts. Normal human gingival fibroblast Gin-1 cells were used to test the impact of this...

The published literature contains no comprehensive studies that compare the outcome of premolar autotransplantation to the maxillary anterior region with natural incisors in the same patients. This article describes the gingival and periodontal conditions around premolars transplanted to the maxillary incisor region, subsequent to restoration. Forty-five premolars autotransplanted to the maxill...

OBJECTIVES To study the association between gingival biotypes and inclination and position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 142 consecutive orthodontic patients (64 males and 78 females) who were seeking orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from February 2013 to January 2014. Gin...

The mucosal calcified nodule is a rare oral lesion that has a predilection for the young child. This case report describes an infant with a persistent and tender gingival swelling associated with an unerupted, maxillary central incisor. Besides a differential diagnosis for this entity, the causes of abnormal calcium deposits within the skin of children are discussed.

Epilepsy is defined as a chronic neurological disorder which is associated with recurrent seizures of cerebral origin. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disease affecting almost 45 million people worldwide. More than often epilepsy demonstrates bimodal age distribution consisting of infancy and old age. Till today, the scenario surrounding the management of epilepsy is complex. Phen...

Gingival hyperpigmentation is mostly caused by the physiologic deposition of melanin by melanocytes. Melanin pigmentation of the gingiva is completely benign and does not present a medical problem. In "Gummy Smile" Patients, melanin gingival hyperpigmentation causes an esthetic problem and physiologic disturbances. Many methods are now available for depigmentation of the gingival. This paper re...