GH treatment increases insulin levels in girls with Turner syndrome (TS), who are already predisposed to develop diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated carbohydrate metabolism and several other risk factors that may predict development of cardiovascular disease in girls with TS after discontinuation of lon...

The synthetic hexapeptide GH-releasing peptide (GHRP) stimulates a dose-dependent release of GH in humans in vivo and in animals both in vitro and in vivo via a specific receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary. To determine the action of GHRP in the human fetal pituitary, reverse transcription-PCR was performed, and GHRP receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression was detected in fetal pi...

The development and pharmacology of a new potent growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, ipamorelin, is described. Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2), which displays high GH releasing potency and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. As an outcome of a major chemistry programme, ipamorelin was identified within a series of compounds lacking the central dipeptide Ala-Trp of growth h...

Growth hormone (GH) is an important factor in the developmental adaptation to enhance P(i) reabsorption; however, the nephron sites and mechanisms by which GH regulates renal P(i) uptake remain unclear and are the focus of the present study. Micropuncture experiments were performed after acute thyroparathyroidectomy in the presence and absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in adult (14- to 17-wk...

To examine whether growth hormone (GH) induces peripheral insulin resistance by altering plasma free fatty acid (FFA) or insulin levels, the effects of GH infusion on insulin-stimulated glucose fluxes were studied in conscious rats under two protocols. In study 1, either saline ( n = 7) or human recombinant GH (21 μg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1; n = 8) was infused for 300 min, and insulin-stimulated glucose f...

The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (GH/IGF-I) axis is an important regulator of brain function which view is based on the evidence that 1) GH and IGF-I can cross the blood brain barrier, 2) GH and IGF-I can bind to sites in various brain structures, including the hippocampus, 3) GH can alter the dopamine turnover in the hippocampus and IGF-I the acetylcholine release, and 4) GH and...

GH exerts a wide variety of biological actions in many different tissues and cell types. The actions of GH at the cellular level can be divided into three categories: metabolic, mitogenic and differentiation. Metabolic effects of GH have been well documented and characterized in adipocytes. The major effect of GH in adipocytes from intact animals is an anti insulin-like or diabetogenic effect [...

GH therapy has been applied to patients with Turner syndrome for over a decade, but small sample size, delayed initiation of therapy into adolescent age and comparison with historical control subjects limit the usefulness of these studies for appraisal of the effect of GH on final adult height. We report 49 young women with Turner syndrome who completed a clinical trial in an open, non-randomiz...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of growth hormone (GH) on myocardial remodeling in infarcted rats. METHODS This study comprised 24 Wistar rats divided into 3 groups as follows: 1) AMI-GH group--comprising 8 rats that underwent infarction and were treated with GH; 2) AMI group--comprising 8 rats that underwent infarction and received only the diluent of the GH solution; and 3) control group (C ...

Circulating testosterone (T) and GH/IGF-I are diminished in healthy aging men. Short-term administration of high doses of T augments GH secretion in older men. However, effects of long-term, low-dose T supplementation on GH secretion are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate effects of long-term, low-dose T administration on nocturnal GH secretory dynamics and AM concentrations of IGF-I and IG...