Authigenic carbonate was recently invoked as a third major global carbon sink in addition to primary marine carbonate and organic carbon. Distinguishing the two carbonate sinks is fundamental to our understanding of Earth's carbon cycle and its role in regulating the evolution of atmospheric oxygen. Here, using microscale geochemical measurements of carbonates in Early Triassic strata, we show ...

A chemical kinetics algorithm is presented for geochemical applications. The algorithm is capable of handling both equilibriumand kinetically-controlled reactions in multiphase systems. The ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved using an implicit multistep backward differentiation formula (BDF) algorithm to ensure efficiency and stability when integrating stiff ODEs. An adaptive cont...

A synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff water representative of one type of pore water at Yucca Mountain, NV was evaporated at 95 °C in a series of experiments to determine the geochemical controls for brines that may form on, and possibly impact upon the long-term integrity of waste containers and drip shields at the designated high-level, nuclear-waste repository. Solution chemistry, condensed vapor ...

Reactive fluid flow and geochemical transport in unsaturated fractured rocks have received increasing attention for studies of contaminant transport, groundwater quality, waste disposal, acid mine drainage remediation, mineral deposits, sedimentary diagenesis, and fluid-rock interactions in hydrothermal systems. This paper presents methods for modeling geochemical systems that emphasize: (1) in...

Although the accelerated transport of Tc, Cs, and U within the vadose zone beneath the 200-West Area of the Hanford tank-farm area has been recognized, the mechanisms responsible for the vertical migration of the radionuclides is unclear. Does horizontal stratification enchance the lateral movement of contaminants, which in turn enhances vertical perferential flow due to perched water dynamics?...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the association of spatial variation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence and its putative environmental determinants in ground water such as total water hardness, the concentration of calcium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, zinc, nitrate, and aluminium. DESIGN Small area study using Bayesian modelling and the geo-referenced data aggregated into 10 km ...

CO2 that is injected into a storage reservoir can leak in dissolved form because of 18 brine displacement from the reservoir, which is caused by large-scale groundwater motion. 19 Simulations of the reactive transport of leaking CO2aq along a conducting fracture in a clay20 rich caprock are conducted to analyze the effect of various physical and geochemical 21 processes. Whilst several modellin...

The microbiome of dental clinic wastewater and its impact on mercury methylation remains largely unknown. Waste generated during dental procedures enters the sewer system and contributes a significant fraction of the total mercury (tHg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) load to wastewater treatment facilities. Investigating the influence of geochemical factors and microbiome structure is a critical ste...

The southwestern tropical Pacific, part of a major pathway for waters feeding the Equatorial Undercurrent, is a region of important geochemical enrichment through land-ocean boundary exchange. Here we develop an original method based on the coupling between dynamical modeling and geochemical tracer data to identify regions of enrichment along the water pathways from the subtropics to the equato...

Within reactive geochemical transport, several conceptual models exist for simulating sorption processes in the subsurface. Historically, the KD approach has been the method of choice due to ease of implementation within a reactive transport model and straightforward comparison with experimental data. However, for modeling complex sorption phenomenon (e.g. sorption of radionuclides onto mineral...