The study area pertains to the Chocó Biogeography, one of most biodiverse areas in world, where around 40,000 ha rainforest has been cleared for oil palm plantations. We surveyed ant species’ richness and diversity four differently disturbed Tumaco, Colombia, using pitfall traps Winkler sacks. Study sites were two plantations three- seven- years’ existence, a peach plantation Bactris gasipaes 2...

new evidence gained by the study of foraminifera from khuzestan province in southwest iran reveals that the basal limit of the genus heterostegina is not restricted to the eocene epoch. by introducing a new species of this genus (h. rezvaninejadi), this study shows that the early appearance of this genus should be lowered down further still, at least, into the middle paleocene.

Due to the importance of the Arasbaran forest (E. Azarbaijan, N.W. Iran) as a biosphere preserve and having a rich flora and fauna, macrofungi flora of Arasbaran region, were studied from 2003. This is the first in a series of publications on floristic studies of macrofungi of Arasbaran forests. In this paper, species of the genus Cortinarius, subgenus Myxacium are studied.The genus Cortinarius...

Urbanization may lead to changes in assemblage and result shifts trait distribution from natural habitats highly urbanized habitats. The shift functional traits can affect ecosystem functions urban areas. This study explored the foraging period of ants over 72 h determined relationship between behavioral, morphological, physiological local foragers environmental conditions forest sites. In addi...

In temperate climates, animals that produce long-term food caches must forage simultaneously for nutrients to survive, reproduce, and collect enough stores to survive the winter. Thus, an animal is simultaneously makes two foraging choices 1) what nutrients to collect for its immediate needs and 2) what food items should be stored. The cues the animal uses to make these two decisions shoulddiff...

The division of labor (DOL) and task allocation among groups of ants living in a colony is thought to be highly efficient, and key to the robust survival of a colony. A great deal of experimental and theoretical work has been done toward gaining a clear understanding of the evolution of, and underlying mechanisms of these phenomena. Much of this research has utilized mathematical modeling. Here...

Because workers in colonies of eusocial Hymenoptera are more closely related to sisters than to brothers, theory predicts workers should bias investment in reproductive broods to favour reproductive females over males. However, conflict between queens and workers is predicted. Queens are equally related to daughters and sons, and should act to prevent workers from biasing investment. Previous s...

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