[1] The IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) developed a formula for the global meltwater contribution to sea level rise from Glaciers and Small Ice Caps (GSICs) that is applicable out to 2100. We show that, if applied to times beyond 2100 (as is necessary to assess sea level rise for concentration-stabilization scenarios), the formula imposes an unrealistic upper bound on GSIC melt. A modificati...

Primary production in the Northern San Francisco Estuary (SFE) has been declining despite heavy loading of anthropogenic nutrients. The inorganic nitrogen (N) loading comes primarily from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WTP) discharge as ammonium (NH(4)). This study investigated the consequences for river and estuarine phytoplankton of the daily discharge of 15 metric tons NH(4)-N into th...

Introduction Sediment and nutrients flow into estuary with runoff, then influence the ecosystem. Much work has been done for investigating response of water quality species group (eg. phytoplankton or zooplankton) to runoff from upstream, while few research taken evaluate whole Methods Food webs different seasons regions were established based on stable isotope analysis Bayesian mixing model. T...

BACKGROUND: Reduction of cancer risk by either preventing carcinogenesis or stopping carcinogenesis in its early stages is a logical approach for reducing the cancer burden, both for high-risk individuals and for the general population. The areas of dietary modification and chemoprevention show considerable promise as effective approaches for cancer prevention and are a focus of research effort...

Sulfur deficiency in plants has severe impacts on both growth and nutrient composition. Fumigation with sub-lethal concentrations of H2S facilitates the supply of reduced sulfur via the leaves while sulfate is depleted from the roots. This restores growth while sulfate levels in the plant tissue remain low. In the present study this system was used to reveal interactions of sulfur with other nu...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a very serious assault to the body, not only due to the primary or secondary injuries, but also by the effects it has on all of the body’s systems. Brain injury results in a significant increase in metabolism and catabolism that, if left unchecked, can lead to malnutrition. It has been shown that adequate nutrition support can attenuate these metabolic change...

Anthropogenic climate change has the potential to alter many facets of Earth's freshwater resources, especially lacustrine ecosystems. The effects of anthropogenic changes in Lake Superior, which is Earth's largest freshwater lake by area, are not well documented (spatially or temporally) and predicted future states in response to climate change vary. Here we show that Lake Superior experienced...