This paper provides a detailed description of the packet dropping process connected with the buffer overflows in a network node. Namely, we show the formulas for the most important loss characteristics, both in the transient and the stationary regime and then illustrate them via numerical examples. In order to make it possible to obtain the dropping characteristics for strongly autocorrelated a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential economic benefits of keeping a meningitis A vaccine at or near ambient temperature for up to 4 days during a mass vaccination campaign. METHODS During a 10-day mass vaccination campaign against meningitis A in three regions of Chad in 2011, the costs associated with storage and transport of the vaccine in a traditional cold chain system were evaluated. A ma...

BACKGROUND Measures that reflect patients' assessment of their health are of increasing importance as outcome measures in randomised controlled trials. The methodological approach used in the pre-validation development of new instruments (item generation, item reduction and question formatting) should be robust and transparent. The totality of the content of existing PRO instruments for a speci...

For more permission information, see page 2. Materials managers are almost evenly divided on how protective apparel prices will change in the coming year. Depending on the contracts they are using, they foresee prices staying level or dropping by as much as 10%. None believes they will rise. Most respondents to this month’s HMM price survey reported prices were unchanged overall last year, desp...

This work presents the Risk Threshold RED (RTRED) congestion control strategy for TCP networks. In addition to the maximum and minimum thresholds in existing RED-based strategies, we add a third dropping level. This new dropping level is the risk threshold which works with the actual and average queue sizes to detect the immediate congestion in gateways. Congestion reaction by RTRED is on time....

We examine methods for reducing respondent burden in evaluating alter–alter ties on a set of network structural measures. The data consist of two sets, each containing 45 alters from respondent free lists: the first contains 447 personal networks, and the second 554. Respondents evaluated the communication between 990 alter pairs. The methods were (1) dropping alters from the end of the free-li...

Lambda-lifting and lambda-dropping respectively transform a blockstructured functional program into recursive equations and vice versa. Lambda-lifting was developed in the early 80’s, whereas lambda-dropping is more recent. Both are split into an analysis and a transformation. Published work, however, has only concentrated on the analysis parts. We focus here on the transformation parts and mor...