The author describes the controversy about the use of tetraethyl lead (TEL) as a gasoline additive. Early warnings were ignored by industry, and as leaded gasoline became more profitable, scientists willing to support industry were financed as guardians of the scientific criteria for lead's health impacts. Controversy erupted in 1924 after refinery accidents left workers dying from violent insa...

Gasoline blending is an important unit operation in gasoline industry. A good model for the blending system is beneficial for supervision operation, prediction of the gasoline qualities and realizing model-based optimal control. Gasoline blending process involves two types proprieties: static blending property and dynamic property of blending tanks. Since the blending cannot follow the ideal mi...

s:1080:"Background: Studies have shown that gasoline vapor influences many physiological aspects of body. The present study was exerted to evaluate the effects of gasoline vapor inhalation on serum levels of testosterone in male rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, gasoline vapor receiving for 1hour, 2 hours and 3 hours/day. After 10 weeks, blood sam...

Only ten years after the increased addition of methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE) to U.S. gasolines, nationwide MTBE contamination of thousands of drinking water supply wells has been widely documented, reflecting enormous environmental and economic costs. Due to its abundance in gasoline, high aqueous solubility, and slow degradation rate in aquifers, MTBE has migrated in significant quantities fro...

This study investigates the relationship between changing gasoline prices and drunk-driving crashes. Specifically, we examine the effects of gasoline prices on drunk-driving crashes in Mississippi by several crash types and demographic groups at the monthly level from 2004 to 2008, a period experiencing great fluctuation in gasoline prices. An exploratory visualization by graphs shows that high...

Fatal motor vehicle crashes per capita remained relatively stable over the 1990s, in spite of new traffic safety laws and vehicle innovations. One explanation for this stability is that the price of gasoline declined, which resulted in more vehicle miles traveled and potentially more fatalities. By using 1983-2000 monthly gasoline price and fatality panel data and fixed effects specifications, ...

The impact of gasoline price changes on traffic safety has received increasing attention in empirical studies. However, this important relationship has not been explained within a conceptual or theoretical framework. In this study, we examine this relationship within a time geography framework in an attempt to understand the effect of time-varying fluctuations in gasoline prices and their relat...

0010-2180/$ see front matter 2011 The Combust doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.08.015 ⇑ Corresponding author. Fax: +1 607 255 1222. E-mail address: [email protected] (C.T. Avedisian). The droplet burning characteristics of binary blends of iso-octane, n-heptane and toluene were studied in an ambience that minimizes external convection and promotes spherical droplet flames. The results are compare...

PURPOSE Existing literature shows negative relationships between gasoline price and motor vehicle crashes, particularly among teens. This paper extends that literature by evaluating the relationship between gasoline price and self-reported risky driving among teens. DESIGN Observational study using multivariate empirical analysis, using pooled data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, waves 2...

Westudy a dual-channel supply chain under decentralized setting in which manufacturer sells to retailer and to customers directly usingan online channel. A customer chooses the purchase-channel based on price and service quality. Also, to buy product from the retail store, the customer incurs a transportation cost influenced by the fluctuating gasoline cost. Both companies are under the revenue...