Abstract City Gate Stations (CGS) are critical elements of Natural Gas (NG) distribution systems, as they connect national high-pressure transmission networks with local low-pressure networks. One their main tasks is to pre-heat the gas avoid dangerous sub-cooling due Joule-Thompson effect after pressure reduction stage. For this process, significant amounts thermal energy required, usually obt...

Large-scale wireless sensor networks have not achieved market impact, so far. Nevertheless, this technology may be applied successfully to small-scale niche markets. Shipyards are hazardous working environments with many potential risks to worker safety. Toxic gases generated in soldering processes in enclosed spaces (e.g., cargo holds) are one such risk. The dynamic environment of a ship under...

Phase diagrams of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and their mixtures with different amounts of nitrogen (e.g. 5 mol%, 10 mol% N2) were calculated with high accuracy with the NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties database program REFPROP® for up to 200 bar, as well as density-pressure diagrams. Beside the use of carbon dioxide as a solvent for supercritical fluid extraction, incre...

We study collective excitation modes of a fermionic gas of (6)Li atoms in the BEC-BCS crossover regime. While measurements of the axial compression mode in the cigar-shaped trap close to a Feshbach resonance confirm theoretical expectations, the radial compression mode shows surprising features. In the strongly interacting molecular BEC regime, we observe a negative frequency shift with increas...

Self-compression of attosecond high-order harmonic pulses in the harmonic generation medium itself has been demonstrated. The attosecond pulses were generated in an argon-filled gas cell and compressed by exploiting the dispersion characteristics of argon. Since the harmonic generation medium itself was used as the compression medium, continuous chirp control was easily achieved by adjusting th...

Experiments: Single molecule Jarzynski [71]; single molecule fluctuation theorems [170]; Hatano and Sasa with optically trapped colloid particle [116]; optically trapped colloid particle, time varying spring constant [100]. Model systems for which the work distributions can be computed analytically: harmonic potentials [41], two level systems [75, 120], ideal gas compression [133, 146, 169, 195...