pistacia atlantica is the most important tree species for the economy of many rural areas in west of iran, but no effort has been made for the genetic improvement of this species. the aim of this investigation was to study the genetic variation and inheritance of early growth traits in p. atlantica. for this purpose, three wild pistachio populations comprising 60 randomly selected adult trees f...

introduction: adenotonsillectomy is one of the most frequent surgical operations on children, which may result in weight gain in a number ways, for instance, by increasing igf-1 or decreasing respiratory hyperactivity. materials and methods: this was an intervention study with a control group, conducted on fifty 3-10-year-old children who had undergone adenotonsillectomy and on fifty children a...

abstract background: hypertension is very common in patients with end-stage renal disease and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. the most important factor in achieving normal blood pressure in these patients is reaching dry weight. sodium and extracellular fl uid balance play a vital role in this regard. considering the lack of consensus about the effi cacy of stepwise sodium p...

background and aim: the video head-impulse test (vhit) measures the vestibulo-ocular reflex (vor) driven by each semicircular canal, follo­wing high-acceleration head rotations. the main measurable response is the ratio of eye mov­ement velocity to the angular head velocity, which reflects canal function. although norma­tive data is available for vor gain, most studies only report horizontal vo...

background and aim: as the most perceived and articulated errors of hearing aid users occur in high frequency speech phonemes, this study aimed to find a way to amplify and reconstruct the errors. thus, the study first prepared a recorded form of two persian fricative consonants as stimulus; then, the rate of the prescribed gain of the two methods of national acoustic laboratories-nonlinear 2 (...

The damage wrought by the earthquake that recently struck Guatemala evoked a commendable and efficient national response. It also led to international relief activity that was clearly instrumental in assisting the country's short-term recovery efforts. At the same time, this initial recovery period caused a good deal of experience to be gained in the field of disaster management. Some of the le...

Surface tension at liquid-air interfaces is a major barrier that needs to be surmounted by a wide range of organisms; surfactant and interfacially active proteins have evolved for this purpose. Although these proteins are essential for a variety of biological processes, our understanding of how they elicit their function has been limited. However, with the recent determination of high-resolutio...

The idea that sensory information is represented by the temporal firing patterns of neurons or entire networks, rather than by firing rates measured over long integration times, has recently gained increasing experimental support. A number of mechanisms that help to preserve temporal information in ascending sensory systems have been identified, and the role of inhibition in these processes has...