Cytokine antibody arrays were used to establish the profiles of cytokine release from THP-1 monocytes exposed to different amphotericin B (AMB) drug delivery systems. Fungizone (FZ) and Amphotec (ABCD) caused the release of significantly more inflammatory molecules and the release of inflammatory molecules at higher levels than either AmBisome (L-AMB) or Abelcet (ABLC) after 6 h of treatment. S...

The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MuSK is part of the receptor complex that initiates neuromuscular junction formation in response to agrin [1–3]. MuSK, as well as the related orphan RTK-like proteins Ror1 and Ror2 [4], and their homologs in lower organisms, have an extracellular region composed of varying combinations of immunoglobulin and Kringle domains, but they all also have a domain defi...

steps during the development of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. As embryonic cells are incorporated into the blastoderm epithelia they begin to display the hallmark characteristics of apical–basal polarity, and during successive stages of development, cell polarity continues to play a significant role, influencing patterns of cell division, shape change and movement. Therefore, developmenta...

The floating zone (FZ) method is one of the growth techniques used to grow single crystal materials. FZ growth is achieved in a containerless environment (without a crucible) by the movement of a molten zone of a solid rod, which forms a free-standing liquid bridge between two solid sections. However, the surface tension along the free surface of the molten zone varies due to temperature and co...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that the properties Traditional Chinese Medicine is mostly associated with are substance and energy metabolism. Our study aimed to compare the effect of red ginseng (RG) (warm property) and ginseng leaves (GL; cold property) on the substance and energy metabolism of rats with hypothyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were administered propylthiouracil ...

The 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes in Kyushu, Japan, started with a magnitude (M) 6.5 quake on April 14 on the Hinagu fault zone (FZ), followed by active seismicity including an M6.4 quake. Eventually, an M7.3 quake occurred on April 16 on the Futagawa FZ. We investigated if any sign indicative of the M7.3 quake could be found in the space–time changes in seismicity after the M6.5 quake. As a qualit...

INTRODUCTION Certain features of event-related potentials (ERPs), electroencephalographic (EEG), and behavioural measures vary with differing states of alertness and/or sedation. PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate changes in several measures usually viewed as reflecting states of sedation/sleepiness associated with the use of a range of doses of the hypnotic benzodiazepine (BZD) ...

Endophytes are well-known for their symbiotic interaction with plants and ability to promote plant growth by producing various metabolites. The most well-studied endophytes bacteria fungi. For generations, viruses were misnamed, associations ambiguous. Recent advances in omics techniques, particularly next-generation sequencing, have given rise novel developments the mutualistic relationships t...