the concepts of fuzzy semi-ideals of r with respect to h≤r and generalized fuzzy quotient rings are introduced. some properties of fuzzy semiideals are discussed. finally, several isomorphism theorems for generalized fuzzy quotient rings are established.

1. Results. Scattered results about countably2 generated ideals in C(X) are established in [2] and [4] : Op is countably generated if and only if pEX and p has a countable base of neighborhoods; Op is both prime and countably generated if and only if Mp is principal, and if and only if pEX and p is isolated; no lower prime ideal is countably generated. We generalize these as follows: if Mp is c...

In the study of hereditary Noetherian rings, it is clear that hereditary Noetherian prime rings will play a central role (see, for example, [12]). Here we study the (two-sided) ideals of an hereditary Xoetherian prime ring and, as a consequence, ascertain the structure of factor rings and torsion modules. The torsion theory represents a generalization of similar results about Dedekind prime rin...

The notion of bipolar fuzzy subalgebras and bipolar fuzzy ideals of a BCK/BCI-algebra is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between a bipolar fuzzy subalgebra and a bipolar fuzzy ideal are given. A condition for bipolar fuzzy subalgebra to be a bipolar fuzzy ideal is provided, and the characterizations of a bipolar fuzzy ideal are stated. The concept of equivalence r...

We recall that a ring R is called near pseudo-valuation ring if every minimal prime ideal is a strongly prime ideal. Let R be a commutative ring, σ an automorphism of R and δ a σderivation of R. We recall that a prime ideal P of R is δ-divided if it is comparable (under inclusion) to every σ-invariant and δ-invariant ideal I (i.e. σ(I) ⊆ I and δ(I) ⊆ I) of R. A ring R is called a δ-divided ring...

The notion of bipolar fuzzy subalgebras and bipolar fuzzy ideals of a BCK/BCI-algebra is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between a bipolar fuzzy subalgebra and a bipolar fuzzy ideal are given. A condition for bipolar fuzzy subalgebra to be a bipolar fuzzy ideal is provided, and the characterizations of a bipolar fuzzy ideal are stated. The concept of equivalence r...

In this paper a particular case of z-ideals, called strongly z-ideal, is defined by introducing zero sets in pointfree topology. We study strongly z-ideals, their relation with z-ideals and the role of spatiality in this relation. For strongly z-ideals, we analyze prime ideals using the concept of zero sets. Moreover, it is proven that the intersection of all zero sets of a prime ideal of C(L),...

It is shown that a commutative Bézout ring R with compact minimal prime spectrum is an elementary divisor ring if and only if so is R/L for each minimal prime ideal L. This result is obtained by using the quotient space pSpec R of the prime spectrum of the ring R modulo the equivalence generated by the inclusion. When every prime ideal contains only one minimal prime, for instance if R is arith...

Based on the falling shadow theory, the concept of falling fuzzy (implicative) ideals as a generalization of that of a T ∧-fuzzy (implicative) ideal is proposed in MV-algebras. The relationships between falling fuzzy (implicative) ideals and T-fuzzy (implicative) ideals are discussed, and conditions for a falling fuzzy (implicative) ideal to be a T ∧-fuzzy (implicative) ideal are provided. Some...