The innovation process may be divided into three areas: the fuzzy front end (FFE), the new product development (NPD) process, and commercialization. Every NPD process has a FFE in which products and projects are defined. Companies tend to begin the stages of FFE without a clear definition and analysis of the process to go from opportunity identification to concepts, and often they even abort th...

In this paper, a new set of spline functions called ``Flat End Fuzzy Spline" is defined to interpolate given fuzzy data. Some important theorems on these splines together with their existence and uniqueness properties are discussed. Then numerical examples are presented to illustrate the differences between of using our spline and other interpolations that have been studied before.

Source separation and other audio applications have traditionally relied on the use of short-time Fourier transforms as a front-end frequency domain representation step. The unavailability of a neural network equivalent to forward and inverse transforms hinders the implementation of end-to-end learning systems for these applications. We present an auto-encoder neural network that can act as an ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Using network theory this research explains innovation as an interactional, networked, systemic phenomenon. The proposed interdependency, dynamism, variety (IDV) model attempts to detail actors' roles in intra-and in-terfirm knowledge diffusion during the fuzzy front-end of innovation (FFEI). Based on in-depth interviews, the results reveal that actors at the FFEI use thei...

Steer by wire system can be free to design steering force transmission characteristics and angular displacement transfer characteristics, which can realize the coordination of portability, the driver steering road feel and handling stability. The dynamics models of steer by wire and vehicle system are established. Control strategy of front wheel angle based on fuzzy adaptive PID control is put ...

Source separation and other audio applications have traditionally relied on the use of short-time Fourier transforms as a front-end frequency domain representation step. We present an auto-encoder neural network that can act as an equivalent to short-time front-end transforms. We demonstrate the ability of the network to learn optimal, real-valued basis functions directly from the raw waveform ...

Natural phenomena that are imaged using remote sensing satellite data can be reconstructed in 3-D. This process can be accomplished either by active or passive methods. The active methods interfere with the reconstructed phenomena, either mechanically or radiometrically. The radiometric methods reconstruct the 3-D from the reflected or backscattered information about the specific objects or phe...

in front wheels driven vehicles, fuel economy can be obtained by summing torques applied to rear wheels. on the other hand, unequal torques applied to rear wheels provides enhanced safety. in this paper, a model with seven degrees of freedom is considered for the vehicle body. thereafter, power-train subsystems are modeled. considering an electrical machine on each rear wheel, a fuzzy controlle...