For every positive integer N and α∈[0,1), let B(N,α) denote the probabilistic model in which a random set A⊂{1,…,N} is constructed by choosing independently element of {1,…,N} with probability α. We prove that, as N⟶+∞, for A we have |AA|∼|A|2/2 1−o(1), if only iflog⁡(α2(log⁡N)log⁡4−1)log⁡log⁡N⟶−∞. This improves on theorem Cilleruelo, Ramana Ramaré, who proved above asymptotic between |AA| |A|2...

In this work, we shall present some novel process to measure the similarity between picture fuzzy sets. Firstly, we adopt the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets and picture fuzzy sets. Secondly, we develop some similarity measures between picture fuzzy sets, such as, cosine similarity measure, weighted cosine similarity measure, set-theoretic similar...

In this paper, we study both concepts of geodetic dominatingand edge geodetic dominating sets and derive some tight upper bounds onthe edge geodetic and the edge geodetic domination numbers. We also obtainattainable upper bounds on the maximum number of elements in a partitionof a vertex set of a connected graph into geodetic sets, edge geodetic sets,geodetic domin...

We extend the notion of immunity to closed sets and to Π1 classes in particular in two ways: immunity meaning the corresponding tree has no infinite computable subset, and tree-immunity meaning it has no infinite computable subtree. We separate these notions from each other and that of being special, and show separating classes for computably inseparable c.e. sets are immune and perfect thin cl...

We explore a notion of fuzzy T -neighbourhood spaces, for any continuous triangular norm T , and we present on this notion a uni6ed treatment. Our theory, on one hand, generalizes the theory of Lowen (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 7 (1982) 65) from T =Min to arbitrary T , which has been the progenitor of this work, and on the other hand it is strongly related to the theory of L-neighbourhoods of H; oh...

The development and maintenance of software reliability enjoys a high priority in the evolution of modern computer technology. Over the last three decades or so, a tremendous amount of research has gone into the theory and practice of producing reliable software. Given the many subjective factors that in3uence software reliability, it is surprising that very little of this research has been dir...

Contrapositive symmetry (CPS) is a tautology in classical logic. In fuzzy logic, not all fuzzy implications have CPS with respect to a given strong negation. Given a fuzzy implication J , towards imparting contrapositive symmetry to J with respect to a strong negation N two techniques, viz., upper and lower contrapositivisation, have been proposed by Bandler and Kohout [Semantics of implication...

The comparison of protein structures is an important problem in bioinformatics. As a protein biological role is derived from its three dimensional native state, the comparison of a new protein structure (with unknown function) with other protein structures (with known biological activity) can shed light into the biological role of the former. Consequently, advances in the comparison (and cluste...