the present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within islamic urban areas. they are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. a historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...

this case study investigates the effects of robot assisted language learning (rall) on english vocabulary learning and retention of iranian children with high-functioning autism. two groups of three male students (6-10 years old) with high-functioning autism participated in the current study. the humanoid robot nao was used as a teacher assistant to teach english to the rall group. both rall an...