This is a review paper containing the governing equations and analytical solutions of classical shear deformation theories functionally graded straight beams. The classical, first-order, third-order account for through-thickness variation two-constituent material, modified couple stress (i.e., strain gradient), von Kármán nonlinearity. Analytical bending linear theories, some which are not read...

We perform the analytic investigation of stress-strain state a functionally graded cylindrical shell finite length heated by two-dimensional temperature field. The properties material are regarded as functions thickness coordinate. In our investigations, we use equations refined theory shells that takes into account deformation transverse shear and normal deformation. heat-conduction equation i...

This work presents an efficient methodology for the optimum design of functionally graded structures using a Kriging-based approach. The method combines adaptive Kriging framework with hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve computational efficiency process. In this approach, surrogate model is used replace high-fidelity structural responses obtained by NURBS-based isogeom...

This paper considers the use of bioinspired functionally graded structures in the design of dental multi-layers that are more resistant to sub-surface crack nucleation. Unlike existing dental crown restorations that give rise to high stress concentration, the functionally graded layers (between crown materials and the joins that attach them to dentin) are shown to promote significant reductions...

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