In this work, three mathematical models for the heat generation during bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) of aluminum using pin geometries have been proposed. The utilized and updated available conventional (CT-FSW). For validation models, BT-FSW experiments carried out alloy AA1050 different (cylindrical, square, triangular), at speeds 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mm/min a constant rotatio...

BACKGROUND Female sex workers (FSWs) experience high levels of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) morbidity, violence and discrimination. Successful SRH interventions for FSWs in India and elsewhere have long prioritised community mobilisation and structural interventions, yet little is known about similar approaches in African settings. We systematically reviewed community empowerment proces...

The six-day Remote Agent Experiment (RAX) on the Deep Space 1 mission will be the first time that an artificially intelligent agent will control a NASA spacecraft. Successful completion of this experiment will open the way for AI-based autonomy technology on future missions. An important validation objective for RAX is implementation of a credible validation and verification strategy for RAX th...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of using rapid oral fluid testing as an alternative HIV testing method in China. METHOD This is a mixed-method study among men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW) and VCT clients, conducted in 4 cities in Shandong Province. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 1137 participants through face-to-face in...

Background: AA2519-T87 is a new armour grade aluminium alloy employed in the fabrication of light combat military vehicles. Joining of this material using fusion welding processes, results in the formation of solidification defects like porosity, alloy segregation and hot cracking. In order to overcome the solidification related problems, solid state welding processes such as friction stir weld...

Context-specific typologies of female sex workers (FSWs) are essential for the design of HIV intervention programming. This study develops a novel FSW typology for the analysis of transactional sex risk in rural and urban settings in Indonesia. Mixed methods include a survey of rural and urban FSWs (n=310), in-depth interviews (n=11), key informant interviews (n=5) and ethnographic assessments....

High nitrogen martensitic stainless steel 30Cr15Mo1N plates were successfully welded by friction stir welding (FSW) at a tool rotation speed of 300 rpm with a welding speed of 100 mm/min, using W-Re tool. The sound joint with no significant nitrogen loss was successfully produced. Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of an FSW joint were investigated. The results suggest that the...

OBJECTIVE To assess concordance between self-reported amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use and toxicology results among young female sex workers (FSW) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Young Women's Health Study-2 (YWHS-2), a prospective study of HIV and ATS use among young (15 to 29 years) FSW in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, was analyzed. The YWHS-2 assessed sociodemogr...

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors influencing intention of condom use among 378 clients of female sex workers (FSWs) visiting commercial sex sites in St-Marc and Gonaives, Haiti. Mean age of the study participants was 24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, behaviors, and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) con...

Article history: Received 2.10.2012 Received in revised form 30.1.2013 Accepted 1.3.2013 Heat production of friction stir welding (FSW) is a fundamental phenomenon that affects the welding quality. Early studies have been focused on investigating and understanding the heat production and temperature distribution of the welding plate. However, very few studies have been done to analyze the stres...