Although the impact of non-parental care on children has been widely analysed, there is still little consensus in the literature. This is due in part to the issue of selection: if families who choose parental care are different from those who opt for non-parental care, the observed association between outcomes and care may not be causal. We address this using four strategies: controlling for a ...

Neural symbolic integration may be a natural phenomenon of dynamical systems. Attractors—subsets of a state space to which a dynamical system returns when perturbed—are a broadly relevant dynamical systems phenomenon. The mathematical theory has mainly focused on autonomous dynamical systems (i.e., not driven by an environment) of the form f : X → X (where x(t+1) = f(x(t)) [iterated map] or dx ...

Discovering statistical structure from links is a fundamental problem in the analysis of social networks. Choosing a misspecified model, or equivalently, an incorrect inference algorithm will result in an invalid analysis or even falsely uncover patterns that are in fact artifacts of the model. This work focuses on unifying two of the most widely used link-formation models: the stochastic block...

—Considerable attention has been paid to the phenomenon of infanticide in recent years. Five functional categories of infanticide have been defined. Here I concentrate on those that either have been described as the outcome of possible competition for limited resources or have by default been classified as the result of social pathology. Many of the species that show infanticide of this nature ...