A new (to our knowledge) method for generating the modified spectrum autointerferometric correlation (MOSAIC) trace from the second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG FROG) dataset is shown. Examples are presented illustrating enhanced visual sensitivity, applicability, and complementary qualitative pulse characterization using SHG FROG.

The plasma membrane of mammalian cochlear outer hair cells contains prestin, a unique motor protein. Prestin is the fifth member of the solute carrier protein 26A family. Orthologs of prestin are also found in the ear of non-mammalian vertebrates such as zebrafish and chicken. However, these orthologs are electrogenic anion exchangers/transporters with no motor function. Amphibian and reptilian...

Vertebrates, including amphibians, host diverse symbiotic microbes that contribute to host disease resistance. Globally, and especially in montane tropical systems, many amphibian species are threatened by a chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), that causes a lethal skin disease. Bd therefore may be a strong selective agent on the diversity and function of the microbial communiti...

Species extinctions have the potential to dramatically reshape ecological communities. In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, the emergence of a lethal amphibian pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) drives mountain yellowlegged frog (Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae) populations to local extinction. Prior to population declines, these frogs and their tadpoles were abundant, highlevel p...

variant, known as mottled or kandiyohi, occurs in populations of the common A leopard frog, Rana pipiens, in Minnesota and other north-central states (BRECKENRIDGE 1944; WRIGHT and WRIGHT 1949). The kandiyohi frog was described originally as a new species (WEED 1922), but genetic studies (VOLPE 1955) have revealed that it differs from the wild-type frog by a single dominant gene. The kandiyohi ...