In the mid-1800s, the agricultural chemist Justus von Liebig demonstrated strong positive relationships between soil nutrient supplies and the growth yields of terrestrial plants, and it has since been found that freshwater and marine plants are equally responsive to nutrient inputs. Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to the Earth's surface and atmosphere have increased greatly during the past t...

Lake Kinneret, the only natural freshwater lake in Israel, provides approximately 30% of the national demand for freshwater and is therefore closely monitored and managed by the Israeli water authorities. Domestic water supply and sustaining the lake’s ecosystem are prime objectives of the water resource's management. The past decade has been characterized by over-pumping from the lake, aggrava...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org T wetlands such as salt, brackish, and freshwater marshes provide essential ecosystem services to society. Such services include functions associated with regulation, habitat, and production (Daily et al. 1997; de Groot et al. 2002). Positioned at the interface between land and sea, tidal marshes are uniquely suited to provide ecosy...

This research involves the design and analysis of pinch-based water/wastewater networks to minimize water utility in the petrochemical and petroleum industries. A study has been done on Tehran Oil Refinery to analyze feasibilities of regeneration, reuse and recycling of water network. COD is considered as a single key contaminant. Amount of freshwater was reduced about 149m/h (43.8%) regarding ...

a DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Marine Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund Slot, Jægersborg Allé 1, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark b Department of Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada c Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, C...

We are presenting a list of the reptile species from Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (LMNP), Maranhão, Brazil, obtained during 235 days of field work. The study area is located in the contact zone between three major Neotropical ecosystems: Amazonia, Caatinga, and Cerrado. The PNLM encompasses the largest dune fields in Brazil, wide shrubby areas (restingas), lakes, mangroves, and many freshw...

Algae are widely present in freshwater environments, such as lakes and rivers, where they are typically present as micro-organisms – visible only with the aid of a light microscope. Although relatively inconspicuous, they have a major importance in the freshwater environment, both in terms of fundamental ecology and in relation to human use of natural resources. This book considers the diversit...

The in situ primary production rates and various environmental variables were investigated in the Chukchi Sea during the RUSALCA expedition, which was conducted in 2012, to identify the current status of primary production. A C–N dual-tracer technique was used to measure the daily primary production rates, which ranged from 0.02 to 1.61 g C m d (mean±SD= 0.42± 0.52 g C m d). The primary product...

An invasive species is one that arrives (oftenwith human assistance) in a habitat it had not previously occupied, then establishes a population and spreads autonomously. Species invasions are one of the main conservation threats today and have caused many species extinctions. The great majority of such invasions are by species introduced from elsewhere, although some native species have become ...

Submerged shell midden sites and natural shell deposits can have similar characteristics and can be difficult to distinguish archaeologically. We excavated two test units from a large (at least 35 m×70 m) submerged shell mound in Fort Neck Cove in southern Rhode Island to assess whether it was natural or cultural in origin. This mound had been recognized as a potential archaeological feature as...