Considering interior applications, sunlight, both direct through open window and glass, artificial lighting are the main sources of radiation possessing sufficient energy to trigger photodegradation processes in wood. LED lamps, which emit mostly visible light, becoming dominant light source various interiors. In present study, thermally modified (TM) unmodified (UM) ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a...

the phytoremediation capability in pb removal from the contaminated soils by three native seedlings species (acer cappadocicum, fraxinus excelsior and thuja orientalis) and one exotic species (cupressus arizonica) were compared. the seedlings were grown in pb contaminated soils at 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg kg-1 concentrations for 6 months (mar 21 to sept. 22, 2015), after which the bioma...

Questions: Is the introduced timber species Fraxinus uhdei invasive in Hawai‘i? Has logging disturbance facilitated the spread of Fraxinus and other alien species? Location: Windward Mauna Kea, island of Hawai‘i. Methods: We surveyed 29 plots which were established before selective logging of the native tree Acacia koa in 1971 to determine if Fraxinus spread beyond the borders of an existing pl...