Mass spectrometry allows sensitive, automated, and high-throughput analysis of small molecules. In principle, tandem mass spectrometry allows us to identify "unknown" small molecules not in any database, but the automated interpretation of such data is in its infancy. Fragmentation trees have recently been introduced for the automated analysis of the fragmentation patterns of small molecules. W...

Gene flow strongly influences the regional genetic structuring of plant populations. Seed and pollen dispersal patterns can respond differently to the increased isolation resulting from habitat fragmentation, with unpredictable consequences for gene flow and population structuring. In a recently fragmented landscape we compared the pre- and post-fragmentation genetic structure of populations of...

Fragmentation leads to unpredictable and degraded application performance. While these problems have been studied in detail for desktop filesystem workloads, this study examines newer systems such as scalable object stores and multimedia repositories. Such systems use a get/put interface to store objects. In principle, databases and filesystems can support such applications efficiently, allowin...

objective: the present study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the association between expression of three potential factors [post-acrosomal sheath ww domain-binding protein (pawp), phospholipase cζ (plcζ), and truncated form of the kit receptor (tr-kit)] as candidates of oocyte activation with fertilization rate and early embryonic development. materials and methods: in this experimental study,...

In the landscape ecological literature, a number of measures have been proposed for quantifying landscape fragmentation based on distinct objectives and motivations. However, none seems to be generally preferred. The main reason for this disagreement is that, from a statistical viewpoint, by mapping fragmentation into a single scalar, information is necessarily lost and no ideal function is abl...

Hann, Wendel J.; Wisdom, Michael J.; Rowland, Mary M. 2003. Disturbance departure and fragmentation of natural systems in the interior Columbia basin. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-545. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 19 p. We integrated landscape data from science assessments of the interior Columbia basin (basin) into one variable that func...

We present results from an individual particle based model for the collision, coagulation and fragmentation of heavy drops moving in a turbulent flow. Such a model framework can help to bridge the gap between the full hydrodynamic simulation of two phase flows, which can usually only study few particles and mean field based approaches for coagulation and fragmentation which rely heavily on para...

Fragmentation functions of pion, kaon, and nucleon are determined by global analyses of hadronproduction data in ee annihilation. It is particularly important that uncertainties of the fragmentation functions are estimated for the first time. We found that light-quark and gluon fragmentation functions have large uncertainties, so that one should be careful in using these functions for hadron-pr...

Using perturbative quantum chromodynamics, we compute dihadron fragmentation functions for a large invariant mass of the dihadron pair. The main focus is on the interference fragmentation function H(1)(∢), which plays an important role in spin physics of the nucleon. Our calculation also reveals that H(1)(∢) and the Collins fragmentation function have closely related underlying dynamics. By con...

Recent data on charm fragmentation, collected and analyzed by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations, are reviewed and compared with a results from e + e − experiments. The measured fragmentation ratios and fragmentation fractions are in agreement with those measured in e + e − , thus supporting the assumption of universality. Results on the structure of charm jets are presented. The normalized differe...