While the presence of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well established, its relation to hypertensive renal hemodynamics remains unclear. We hypothesized that once CKD is established blood pressure and renal vascular resistance (RVR) no longer depend on reactive oxygen species. CKD was induced by bilateral ablation of 2/3 of each kidney. Compared to age-matched, sham-operated...

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is the most sensitive predictor of development of progressive renal insufficiency, with increasing focus on the composition of proteinuria, particularly high molecular weight proteins such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) (molecular weight 150 kDa). Differing methods of assessing excretion of proteinuria molecules have limited interpretation of results. We aimed to assess the ut...

Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is associated with increased renal sodium excretion in addition to severe urinary concentrating defects. However, the molecular basis for this altered renal sodium excretion remains undefined. The amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC) is expressed in the renal connecting tubule and collecting duct and is essential in renal regulation of body so...

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by intra-arterial administration of nitro-L-arginine (NLA) leads to attenuation of the slope of the relation between renal arterial pressure (RAP) and sodium excretion without an alteration in renal autoregulatory efficiency. In the present study, we examined whether only the presence of nitric oxide or, alternatively, changes in nitric oxide production duri...

The role of angiotensin II and kinins on the renal cortical and papillary hemodynamic and on the sodium and water excretory responses to converting enzyme inhibition with captopril was examined in euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats. Cortical and papillary blood flows were measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter. Cortical blood flow increased 28% after blockade of angiotensin II receptors with DuP 75...

Hypothyroid rats were examined with conventional renal clearance and micropuncture techniques to elicit the mechanism and site within the nephron responsible for the increased salt and water excretion observed in these animals. When compared with age-matched control rats, a decrease in inulin clearance of 30% (P < 0.001) and in Hippuran clearance of 32% (P < 0.005) was observed in the hypothyro...

Twenty-four hour urinary excretion, fractional excretion and the filtered load of calcium and phosphorus were monitored as hyperparathyroidism evolved in a model of progressive canine renal failure. Thirteen beagles of both sexes aged four and a half months were used. Nine of them were subjected to a renal damaging schedule (neomycine, 60 mg/kg/48 h, IM, 32 weeks) in order to induce chronic ren...

We measured renal sodium and water excretion in five healthy male volunteers who inhaled nitric oxide. Urine volumes, urinary sodium and creatinine, and plasma sodium and creatinine were measured before, during and after a 2-h period inhaling nitric oxide (40 vpm in air). A control experiment, excluding the nitric oxide, was done on a separate day. Nitric oxide increased urinary volume (mean in...

Daily urinary collection and assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow were performed in ten 2-month-old Beagle puppies and ten 6-9 year-old Beagle dogs to identify age-associated differences in renal function. The most striking differences in puppies compared to mature dogs were a higher daily urinary volume (+65%), GFR (+87%), free water reabsorption (+159...