BACKGROUND Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign is an appearance of the middle cerebral artery on non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Embolic occlusion of the pulmonary arterial system is referred to as pulmonary embolism. When pulmonary embolism coexists with a patent foramen ovale, increased pressure in the right atrium may result in widening of the foramen and consequently, cause se...

Premature closure or restriction of foramen ovale (PCFO) is a rare congenital anomaly that can lead to a wide spectrum of cardiac malformations. This spectrum of secondary malformations appears to depend on the gestational timing of closure of the foramen ovale and to the degree of restriction. Earlier in the gestation, closure of the foramen has been associated with severe hypoplasia of the le...

Cryptogenic strokes are now thought to comprise about 25% of all ischemic strokes. These unable find a precise mechanism ischemia after standard workup, including transthoracic echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram, inpatient cardiac telemetry monitoring, 24-hour Holter magnetic resonance imaging, and various vascular imaging neck brain arteries. Additional investigation identifies likely...

OBJECTIVE To measure lung blood flow and flow through the foramen ovale in the normal human fetus and to assess the changes in each with gestational age and the proportions of combined ventricular output that the respective flows represent. PATIENTS AND DESIGN 38 normal fetuses (gestational age 18-37 weeks) were studied prospectively with Doppler echocardiography. METHODS Echocardiographic ...

The Chinese Heart Journal published the “Chinese Expert Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale” (hereafter referred to as “the Guidelines”) in 2021. were initiated by Professor Yushun Zhang No.1 Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong University, and 55 domestic experts participated their discussion formulation. focus on eight key issues prevention stroke associated...

BACKGROUND Phase-contrast MRI with metric-optimized gating is a promising new technique for studying the distribution of the fetal circulation. However, mean and reference ranges for blood flow measurements made in the major fetal vessels using this technique are yet to be established. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured flow in the major vessels of the fetal circulation in 40 late-gestation norm...

BACKGROUND From a therapeutic viewpoint, it is important to differentiate the underlying causes of embolism in patients with cryptogenic stroke, such as aortic arch atheroma, patent foramen ovale, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. We investigated the clinical and radiological characteristics of these 3 common causes of cryptogenic embolism to develop models for decision making in etiologic wo...