This study describes the foraging ecology of birds during summer and winter in two different types of coffee agroecosystems in Chiapas, Mexico. Avian foraging behavior is documented in two agroecosystems of differing management intensity, structurally similar but with different levels of floristic diversity, during summer and winter seasons. The distribution of tree species used by birds was mo...

In this study we investigated the extent and pattern of social influences (i.e., the use of a conspecific as a model) on the foraging behavior of immature, wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a function of the age of individuals. We compared the foraging activities and interactions with subadult and adult group members (older than 15 months) of young infants (1-2 months old), older in...

Resources can be aggregated both within and between patches. In this article, we examine how aggregation at these different scales influences the behavior and performance of foragers. We developed an optimal foraging model of the foraging behavior of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia rubecula parasitizing the larvae of the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. The optimal behavior was found using stochasti...

The honeybee Apis mellifera has a remarkable ability to detect and locate food sources during foraging, and to associate odor cues with food rewards. In the honeybee's olfactory system, sensory input is first processed in the antennal lobe (AL) network. Uniglomerular projection neurons (PNs) convey the sensory code from the AL to higher brain regions via two parallel but anatomically distinct p...

Explanations of cognitive processes provided by traditional artificial intelligence were based on the notion of the knowledge level. This perspective has been challenged by new AI that proposes an approach based on embodied systems that interact with the real-world. We demonstrate that these two views can be unified. Our argument is based on the assumption that knowledge level explanations can ...

Swarm robotics utilizes a large number of simple robots to accomplish a task, instead of a single complex robot. Communications constraints often force these systems to be distributed and leaderless, placing restrictions on the types of algorithms which can be executed by the swarm. The performance of a swarm algorithm is a ected by the environment in which the swarm operates. Di erent environm...

Chaser (Csr) was uncovered in a gamma mutagenesis screen to identify genes that modify the larval foraging behavior of sitters to rovers. Rover larvae have significantly longer path lengths than sitters while foraging on a yeast and water paste. This difference is influenced by one major gene, foraging (for), which has two naturally occurring alleles, forR (rover) and fors (sitter). In a mutage...

In the study at hand, the authors pose the question how people are influenced by olfactory stimulation while solving an economic problem? The economic problem involves managing a strategic planning simulation experiment. To demonstrate the fundamental task of economic decisions, the authors run experiments in the laboratory. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between sever...

This paper describes ongoing research investigating the ways in which language affects both the way users seek and find information on a website, and their eventual level of satisfaction with the site’s offering. Our aim is to understand how language may form a barrier to accessing information, and to identify ways of overcoming these boundaries. We build on the Theory of Information Foraging, ...

Top predators integrate resources over time and space, and depending on the particular species they represent, different components of the marine environment. The habitat utilization of top predators has been studied using electronic tags to follow their movements and foraging behavior. In addition, these tags provide information on the physical characteristics of the water column (temperature ...