Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally fastidious on artificiall media, but they grow readily in most food substrates and lower the pH rapidly to a point where competing organisms are no longer able to grow. Spontaneous fermentation of food/feed may differ from each other in terms of environmental microbiota and fermentable substrate. Spontaneous fermentation may fail, because it is not possi...

M ore than 1 billion people already suffer from chronic hunger, and the world population is expected to grow from 6.8 billion people to about 9 billion by 2050 [1]. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) anticipates that food requirements will have to increase by between 70 and 100% to both alleviate existing hunger and malnutrition and feed the additional 2 billion p...

A large part of the environmental impact of animal production systems is due to the production of feed. Insects are suggested to efficiently convert feed to body mass and might therefore form a more sustainable food and/or feed source. Four diets were composed from by-products of food manufacturing and formulated such as to vary in protein and fat content. These were offered to newly hatched Ar...

Mycotoxin contamination of feed ingredients impart considerable economic costs stemming from cost of preventative and mitigation practices, reduced value of contaminated feeds, contamination of foods of animal origin and reduction in animal performance and health. Therefore, much research has sought to find methods to overcome these issues. Currently, the best procedure is to minimize mycotoxin...

Sorghum is a cereal native to sub-Saharan Africa and grows well in temperate and tropical areas of the world. USA and Nigeria are the number one producers of sorghum in the World and Africa respectively. In Tanzania, Sorghum is produced in dry land regions and production is still on subsistence bases. Commonly grown cultivars include both improved and local cultivars. Sorghum is consumed as por...

The role of histamine in the regulation of food and water intake in mammals and birds of the review, this study evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of famotidine as histamine H2 -receptor antagonist, in broiler chicks on feed intake and satiety in water and was hungry. 32 male Ross broiler chicks reared in groups of four weeks, 16 samples (control and test ) were then inject...

BACKGROUND Phytic acid and phytates can interact with biomolecules, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and are anti-nutritional factors found in food and feed. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these compounds in food and feed processing. Phytase can hydrolyze phytic acid and phytates to release a series of lower phosphate esters of myoinositol and orthophosphate. Thus, the purification and...

Improving both quality and quantity of food available is a pressing need especially when one eighth of the world’s population consumes less energy than is required for maintenance and is exposed to contaminated food, both of which lead to greater susceptibility to diseases. The Pakistani population depends heavily on milk for nutritional needs and 10% of household income is spent on milk. This ...

Animal-based food products play a significant role in the current U.S. diet. In 2003, the total meat consumption per capita was 90.5 kg/year [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2005]. Since the U.S. has a high consumption of animal-based food products, the animal feed ingredients are fundamentally important. The ingredients can affect not only the quality of the animal-based food products, b...

The role of histamine in the regulation of food and water intake in mammals and birds of the review, this study evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of famotidine as histamine H2 -receptor antagonist, in broiler chicks on feed intake and satiety in water and was hungry. 32 male Ross broiler chicks reared in groups of four weeks, 16 samples (control and test ) were then inject...