Discharge activities and local field potentials were recorded in the orofacial motor cortex and in the corresponding rostrolateral striatum of urethane-anesthetized rats. Striatal projection neurons were identified by antidromic activation and fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (FSIs) by their unique characteristics: briefer spike and burst responses. Juxtacellular injection of neurobiotin com...

Recent studies suggest that certain cellular sensory systems display fold-change detection (FCD): a response whose entire shape, including amplitude and duration, depends only on fold changes in input and not on absolute levels. Thus, a step change in input from, for example, level 1 to 2 gives precisely the same dynamical output as a step from level 2 to 4, because the steps have the same fold...

Insutitute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan, Bio-multisome Research Team, Structural Physiology Research Group, RIKEN Harima Institute, Mikazuki Sayo, Hyogo 6...

The cross section for the reaction 39~ K(e, ep)Ar is computed, and the dependence of the FSI on the initial polarization angles of the nucleus K is analyzed. The results are explained in a semi-classical picture of the reaction. This procedure allows us to find the best initial kinematical conditions for minimizing the FSI.

Transport properties are examined in some detail for samples of the low temperature molten salt N-propyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [Pyr13][FSI] from two different commercial suppliers. A similar set of data is presented for two different concentrations of binary lithium-[Pyr13][FSI] salt mixtures from one supplier. A new and significantly different production process is us...

A readout integrated circuit (ROIC) using two-step fastest signal identification (FSI) is proposed to reduce the number of input channels of a data acquisition (DAQ) block with a high-channel reduction ratio. The two-step FSI enables the proposed ROIC to filter out useless input signals that arise from scattering and electrical noise without using complex and bulky circuits. In addition, an asy...

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) sends excitatory projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and regulates motivated behaviors partially by activating NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Here, we characterized a feedforward inhibition circuit, through which BLA-evoked activation of NAc shell (NAcSh) MSNs was fine-tuned by GABAergic monosynaptic innervation from adjacent fast-spiking interneurons (FS...

Bio-inspired polymeric heart valves (PHVs) are excellent candidates to mimic the structural and the fluid dynamic features of the native valve. PHVs can be implanted as prosthetic alternative to currently clinically used mechanical and biological valves or as potential candidate for a minimally invasive treatment, like the transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Nevertheless, PHVs are not curr...

Although silver is being extensively used in food or other applications as the key component to control microbial proliferation, many factors affecting its real potential are still unknown. In the present work, the presence of specific ligands or the contents in organic matter was correlated with silver speciation and its antibacterial performance. Silver was found to be only active in form of ...