We have obtained stationary bright spatial solitons in a planar photorefractive strontium barium niobate waveguide for visible light ranging from 514.5 to 780 nm. Even for larger wavelengths (lambda=1047 nm) strong self-focusing of the beam was observed; however, input power had to be some orders of magnitude higher than for visible light for self-focusing to occur. Furthermore, we found transi...

Efficient fractionation of peptides is an essential prerequisite for comprehensive analysis of complex protein mixtures by shotgun mass spectrometry. The separation of peptides by isoelectric focusing is particularly attractive due to its orthogonality to reverse-phase HPLC. Here, we present a protocol for in-gel peptide isoelectric focusing using immobilized pH gradient strips. The method show...

The intensity of present x-ray lasers is still far from relativistic due to equipment damage by the powerful radiation involved in generation process. We propose use a microscopic concave plasma lens tightly focus terawatt pulses avoiding destructive instabilities arising laser-plasma interaction focusing Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that an intense laser pulse can be foc...

Native Isoelectric Focusing Free-flow Electrophoresis (IEF-FFE) Fractionation of Crude Protein Mixtures Peter J.A. Weber, Gerhard Weber, and Christoph Eckerskorn This protocol was adapted from "Native IEF-FFE Fractionation of Crude Protein Mixtures," contributed by Peter J.A. Weber, Gerhard Weber, and Christoph Eckerskorn, Chapter 19, in Purifying Proteins for Proteomics (ed. Simpson). Cold Spr...

The transverse modes of a laser resonator containing a medium with a strong radial gain profile differ greatly from the modes of a similar resonator containing a low gain medium. Focusing and defocusing effects result from the gain profile and from the associated dispersion profile. The dispersion focusing causes an asymmetry in the power output as the laser is tuned across the gain line. The t...

A project-based design course is developed for man-portable power generation via microfabricated fuel cell systems. Targeted audience are undergraduate chemical/process engineering students in their nal year. The course covers 6 weeks, with three hours of lectures per week. Two alternative projects are developed, one focusing on selection of alternatives and one focusing on process optimization...

This Letter presents the novel experimental observation of long and narrow jets shooting out in disconnecting large elongated bubbles. We investigate this phenomenon by carrying out experiments with various viscosities, surface tensions, densities and nozzle radii. We propose a universal scaling law for the jet velocity, which unexpectedly involves the bubble height to the power 3/2. This anoma...

Denaturing Isoelectric Focusing Free-Flow Electrophoresis (IEF-FFE) Fractionation of Crude Protein Mixtures Peter J.A. Weber, Gerhard Weber, and Christoph Eckerskorn This protocol was adapted from "Denaturing IEF-FFE Fractionation of Crude Protein Mixtures," contributed by Peter J.A. Weber, Gerhard Weber, and Christoph Eckerskorn, Chapter 19, in Purifying Proteins for Proteomics (ed. Simpson). ...

We attempt to evaluate the applicability of the concept of the critical power for self-focusing, originally developed for intense quasi-continuous-wave (cw) beams, to the case of ultra-intense and ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air. Our results show that, unlike in the cw case, no particular value of peak pulse power can be viewed as a sharp demarcation line between linear and nonlinear...