this paper shows how game theory can be applied to modeling the interaction between government and manufacturer in implementation of cleaner production. a generic game model based upon ‘two-person non-cooperative’ static game is created to allow various strategic actions being tested by stages, and aid decision making by selecting optimal strategy for both manufacturer and policy maker to reduc...

ion molecules with general chemical formula as [li(h2o)] (n=1,2,3), have been chosen as model species toinvestigate the chemical properties of hydrated lithium cations. the rhf(scvs)/ugbs level of calculationhas been used for obtaining equilibrium geometries and rho(r) functions (electron density distributions). by theaid of fundamental physical theorems implemented in quantum theory of atoms i...

the aim of this study was to evaluate genotype×environment interaction (gei) of chlorophyll meter readings (spad) of ten durum wheat cultivars, using data obtained from multi-environment trials during two years, at eight locations. stability and genotypic superiority for spad reading was identified using anova and gge biplot analysis. furthermore, the interrelationships among spad reading and o...

we present detailed theoretical studies of the h-bonded complexes formed from interaction between 5-fluorouracil and various six-membered cyclic nitrosamine compounds. in this study, an investigation on intermolecular interactions in x-nu (x = ch2, sih2,bh, alh, nh, ph, o and s) complexes is carried out using density functional theory. the calculations are conducted on b3lyp/6-311++‏‏g** level ...

background: providing holistic nursing care when there is a shortage of personnel and equipment exposes nurses to stress and a higher risk of occupational burnout. humour can promote nurses’ health and influence nursing care. the aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of humour in clinical settings and factors affecting it.   methods : this qualitative study investigated nurses’ ...

the doctor-patient interaction (dpi) plays an important role in the way patients view physicians. thus, response to the question of ''who is a great physician?'' is related to dpi experiences of patients. the aim of this qualitative study was to explore patients' views regarding this subject. based on critical ethnography in one educational hospital in shiraz, iran, the study was performed base...

the binding of drugs by plasma proteins is an important phenomenon, because it influences the size of the free fraction of the drugs in plasma. in this study the influence of dipyridamole (dp) on the protein binding of propranolol (pl) and pl on the protein binding of dp were studied alone and in the presence of nicotine (nc).        the equilibrium dialysis was employed for protein binding stu...

The potential proneurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces Parkinson-like syndromes in common marmosets, other primates, and humans. MPTP is metabolically activated to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPDP(+) and MPP(+), respectively) by desaturation reactions. MPTP is deactivated to 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (P...

The flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important for the disposition of a variety of toxicants, therapeutics, and dietary components. Although FMO1 is the dominant isoform in fetal liver and adult kidney and intestine and despite up to a 10-fold intersubject variation in expression, a paucity of information is available on FMO1 genetic variability. To address this issue, 24 samples fro...

In humans, flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) functional diversity is determined by the expression of five FMO genes, named FMO1 to FMO5, and their variants. In this study, we systematically analyzed transcripts of FMO1 to FMO5 in different human tissues by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction and identified a large number of splice variants. Exon skipping was the major splicing e...