The antigenicity of FMDV can change because of frequent mutations in it's genome, and thus evade the immunity provided by vaccines. It is therefore necessary to monitor the field isolates for their relatedness to vaccine strains to ensure that currently available vaccine will provide protection against any new isolate. Currently, an ELISA based on the use of polyclonal hyperimmune serum is used...

The paper presents a description of the FMD BioPortal biosurveillance system (http://fmd.ucdavis.edu/bioportal/) that is currently operating to capture, analyze, and disseminate global data on foot-and-mouth (FMD) disease. The FMD BioPortal makes available to users world-wide FMD-related data from the Institute for Animal Health at Pirbright, England. The system’s tools include those for tabula...

BACKGROUND The SCORE system is a simple, currently recommended method of cardiovascular risk assessment. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SCORE risk and intima media thickness (IMT) and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in a low risk population. METHODS 119 people (59 men) without known cardiovascular disease and estimated by means of SCORE system risk < 5%, were in...

background: foot -and- mouth disease (fmd) is endemic in iran. molecular techniques for diagnosis of persistent infection or carrier animals have shown a potential ability to improve the detection of a low genome copy number in samples. objectives: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of foot and mouth disease viral carriers in slaughtered sheep in mashhad industrial abattoir ...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) sub-clinically infected animals, are always a threat to susceptible herds. During Hajj season 2009 (1431 Hijri) the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) imported about 204,583 sheep from FMD free areas from Republic of Georgia through Jeddah Islamic seaport. The animals were clinically free from FMD and authorized as not been previously vaccinated. However, but during the ...

FMD virus is an aphtovirus within the picornaviridae family. The most important characteristics in the epidemiology of the disease include the rapid growth of the virus, its stability under a variety of conditions and the occurrence of serotypes (Donaldson, 1991). There are seven serotypes and several subtypes within each. The infections caused by different serotypes are clinically indistinguis...

Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is measured as the increase in diameter of a conduit artery in response to reactive hyperemia, assessed either at a fixed time point [usually 60-s post-cuff deflation (FMD(60))] or as the maximal dilation during a 5-min continuous, ECG-gated, measurement (FMD(max-cont)). Preliminary evidence suggests that the time between reactive hyperemia and...

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a very dangerous livestock disease which causes a serious loss in the production of milk and meat. Therefore, producing an effective recombinant subunit vaccine virus this disease is of great importance. Transient gene expression is a valuable tool to reach rapid and acceptable recombinant vaccine. An Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression assay was car...

BACKGROUND Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) has immense potential to become a clinical, non-invasive biomarker of endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability, which regulate vasomotor activity. Unfortunately, FMD analysis techniques could deviate significantly in different laboratories if a validation process is not involved. The purpose of this study was to provide validation to the asse...