indiscriminate and excessive uses of antibiotics may be lead promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and side effects in patients. therefore the researchers recently have focused on the use of natural resources, especially medicinal plants. ruta graveolens is a kind of medical plants which contains antifungal and antibacterial components and use in traditional medicine in i...

We focus on inducing topological state from regular, or irregular scattering in (i) p-wave superconducting and (ii) proximity coupled Rashba wires. We find that while disorder is detrimental to topological state in p-wave wires, we find that it can induce topological state in Rashba wires contrary to common expectations. We find that the total phase space area of the topological state is conser...

The dependence of contact resistance on current has been measured for a large number of ohmic contacts to quantized Hall resistors under quantum Hall effect conditioDS.Five different functional forms of current dependence are observed at low currents. The trend from best to worst quality can be correlated with the density of defects in the contact, regardless of the physical cause of the defect...

Electromagnetic duality between the Aharonov-Bohm and the Aharonov-Casher quantum mechanical phases predicts the existence of a new collective state of matter which can be regarded as a spin dual to the fractional quantum Hall effect. The state, induced by electric fields, is driven by effective spin-spin interactions. We derive experimental and materials conditions of spin-spin interactions an...

Impulse formulations of Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are developed. The Lagrange invariance of a generalized magnetic helicity is established for Hall MHD. The physical implications of this Lagrange invariant are discussed. The discussion is then extended to compressible Hall MHD. Compressibility effects are show not to affect, as to be expected, the physical implications of the gen...