Background: Correlations between bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver, skin and lung transplant rejection or survival with human cytokine gene polymorphisms have been described. There are also reports about the role of cytokines and Tumor Necrosis Factors-Alpha (TNF-α) on corneal transplant in animal models. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of cytokines in corneal allograft rejection...

purpose: to investigate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine a 2% in treating and preventing recurrent graft rejection episodes after penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in patients with history of previous rejection episodes. methods: in this clinical trial, eligible pkp patients were randomly given topical cyclosporine a 2% or placebo in addition to a standard corticosteroid regimen for an episode...

Internal concentration polarization (ICP) in forward osmosis (FO) process is a characteristic problem for asymmetric thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane which leads to lower water flux. To mitigate the ICP effect, modification of the substrates' properties has been one of the most effective methods. A new polyethersulfone-based ultrafiltration membrane with increased surface porosity and high...

purpose: to determine whether adding 2% topical cyclosporine (csa) to local and systemic steroids in treatment of endothelial corneal allograft rejection improves the outcome. methods: a prospective randomized treatment trial was carried out on 40 consecutive corneal graft recipients, presenting with the first episode of endothelial graft rejection in two groups. group one (20 patients) receive...

Until now, the application of a combination biological, physical, and chemical methods to eliminate contaminants from rubber industry wastewater has not been reported. The purpose our investigation is analyze use membrane techniques effect pre-treatment industrial wastewater—pre-treatment by ozone on performance modified PES-nano ZnO membrane. Modified membranes were made with phase inversion b...

The main objectives of this study were to remove surface-active agents and to predict the adsorption rejection models.  The effects of surfactant concentration and PAC amount on the adsorption were determined. For both surfactants, It was found that the adsorption values also increased when PAC amount increased. It was observed that the rejection values are different for the adsorption of C...

probable use of chemical and biochemical detergents to wash polysulphone membranes using in milk ultrafiltration needs a multidisciplinary investigation. by increasing use of these membranes in food processing, washing and recovery of initial permeate flux, in order to use for a longer time from this technology, has much importance. in this research, influence of chemical detergents including e...