Establishing structure-activity relationships in complex, hierarchically structured nanomaterials, such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, requires characterization with complementary, correlated analysis techniques. An integrated setup has been developed to perform transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single-molecule fluorescence (SMF) microscopy on such nanostructured samples....

Oil refineries are responsible for 4–6% of global CO 2 emissions, and 20–35% these emissions released from the regenerator Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units, which essential units conversion heavier petroleum residues (vacuum gas oil) into more valuable products. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has been recently proposed to mitigate FCC with a lower energy penalty. However, detailed experi...

Presently, many control systems are built in decentralized structure using a large number of simple single-input single-output (SISO) controllers enabling a stable operation of most unit operations. However, this approach is not the optimal control solution because, in these structures the subsystems of a plant do not communicate between them even if they significantly interact. Recently, the c...