To expand the rich genetic toolkit of Drosophila melanogaster, we evaluated whether introducing FRT or LoxP sites in endogenous genes could allow for cell-type-specific gene inactivation in both dividing and postmitotic cells by GAL4-driven expression of FLP or Cre recombinase. For proof of principle, conditional alleles were generated for cabeza (caz), the Drosophila homolog of human FUS, a ge...

Contact points between the FLP protein of the yeast 2-micron plasmid and its recombination site have been defined. Important features of the region previously defined as the minimal recombination site in vitro include a pair of 13-base pair inverted repeats separated by an 8-base pair spacer. The two FLP protein-binding sites within this region are 12 base pairs in length. In each case they inc...

The Flp site-specific recombinase assembles its active site by recruiting the catalytic tyrosine (Tyr-343) from one Flp monomer into the pro-active site containing a triad of Arg-191, His-305, and Arg-308 from a second monomer. In principle, two active sites may be assembled from a Flp dimer by simultaneous, reciprocal contribution of the shared amino acids by its constituent monomers. In pract...

Manipulation of gene expression patterns through gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells (Thomas and Capecchi, 1987) and the more recent advent of conditional mutagenesis has revolutionized mouse genetics. The recombinase system most commonly used for conditional alleles in mouse is Cre/loxP derived from bacteriophage P1 (Sauer and Henderson, 1988). While less utilized, FLP/FRT derive...

Expression of the mec-3/unc-86 selector gene complex induces the differentiation of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs) of Caenorhabditis elegans. These genes are also expressed in another set of embryonically derived mechanosensory neurons, the FLP neurons, but these cells do not share obvious TRN traits or proteins. We have identified ~300 genes in each cell type that are up-regulated at least ...

The FLP protein that is encoded by the 2-microns plasmid of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a 45-kDa site-specific recombinase that belongs to the Int family of recombination proteins. FLP catalyzes a recombination event within the plasmid by binding specifically to each of three 13-base pair (bp) symmetry elements of the FLP recognition target (FRT). We have shown previously that partial pro...

Strong Fermi-level pinning (FLP) always occurs at the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor-metal interface due to complex interfacial charge transfer. By using monolayer (ML) Bi2OS2, an emerging 2D semiconductor with highest electron mobility, Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) and origin of transfer Bi2OS2-metal interfaces are systematically studied based on density functional theory calculations. ...

The ability of discarding or hiding irrelevant information has been recognized as an important feature for knowledge based systems, including answer set programming. The notion of strong equivalence in answer set programming plays an important role for different problems as it gives rise to a substitution principle and amounts to knowledge equivalence of logic programs. In this paper, we unifor...

The Fischer-Lynch-Paterson theorem (FLP) says that it is impossible for processes in an asynchronous distributed system to achieve consensus on a binary value when a single process can fail; it is a widely cited theoretical result about network computing. All proofs that I know depend essentially on classical (nonconstructive) logic, although they use the hypothetical construction of a nontermi...

Gamete formation is an important step in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms. In flowering plants, haploid spores are formed after the meiotic division of spore mother cells. These spores develop into male and female gametophytes containing gametes after undergoing mitotic divisions. In the female, the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis forming four megaspores, of which one is...