Students were exposed to a priming task in which subliminal representations of the goal of studying were directly paired (priming-positive group) or not (priming group) to positive words. A control group without subliminal prime of the goal was added. Just after the priming task, students performed an easy or a difficult learning task based on their coursework. Participants in the priming-posit...

In 2004, the Government of Timor-Leste introduced elections to villages (suku). Timor-Leste had only been formally independent since 20021, after some centuries of colonisation by Portugal (variable in the timing and degree of penetration), almost twenty-five years of more systematic occupation by Indonesia (1975–99), and two years of centralised transitional administration by the United Nation...

Abraham Flexner first toured the Yale University School of Medicine in preparation for his report of 1910, but it was just the beginning of his relationship with the school. While his review of Yale in his report was generally favorable, he mentioned several shortfalls that needed to be improved to make the school acceptable. Throughout the next twenty-five years, Flexner worked with Deans Geor...

thousand. Four years later there were about two hundred camps in existence, and five thousand boys were in the field. The number has increased steadily and rapidly in the last five years. Five years ago about ten thousand boys received the benefit of outdoor life during the summer months. During the past season, 1907, there were between four and five hundred summer camps, and about twenty-five ...

Performance details for special purpose, high velocity sabots are described. These sabots were designed and developed for launching high density projectiles, of rod form, with overall length to diameter ratios varying from less than one to twenty-five.

Twenty-five years ago, in January 1970, Laud Humphreys' Tearoom Trade was published. It generated much controversy, yet went on to win the C. Wright Mills Award of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Today, many remember and debate its methodology and ethical issues while often overlooking its important findings and its early contributions to the emerging field of gay studies. Humphre...

The US automobile industry has been the subject of a wide range of policy objectives, particularly within the past twenty five years. Some of these policies, for example fuel economy and emission standards, are roughly complementary, where improvements in one area can also lead to improvements in the other. However, some of these policies conflict with one another, for example, safety and fuel ...

No longer do scientists look down on macrophages as "garbage men" that act "nonspecifically." Last fall's Nobel Prizes honored two of the few scientists who studied macrophages three decades ago. Now perhaps thousands do, and the subtypes they describe reflect ongoing discoveries of macrophages' extraordinary plasticity.

Over the last twenty-five years or so, the school improvement research base has gained prominence and recognition on the international stage. In both a theoretical and empirical sense it has matured through a wide range of successful projects, interventions and innovations across a range of countries, about how to help schools become increasingly effective learning environments for all their st...

Although there is an extensive literature on the placebo effect in psychotherapy, the distinction between the placebo and other elements of the therapeutic process has not been clear. This paper analyzes the therapeutic relationship in terms of separating the placebo elements and the specific actors. The so-called nonspecific elements, often equated with the placebo, are proposed as the specifi...