The relationship between the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes), the Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes), and the piscine Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and how the Tetrapoda (four-limbed terrestrial vertebrates) are related to these has been a contentious issue for more than a century. A general consensus about the relationship of these vertebrate clades has gradually emerged among morph...

objective (s): scar formation in injured peripheral nerve bed causes several consequences which impede the process of nerve regeneration. several animal models are used for scar induction in preclinical studies which target prevention and/or suppression of perineural scar. this study evaluates the translational capacity of four of physical injury models to induce scar formation around the sciat...

pond aquaculture is the most significant fish production method in central europe, approximately 70% of the total fish production is originated from traditional fish ponds in this region, which is a resource-saving, ecologically sustainable production method. however, the growth of this sector is not expected because of the low production capacity of valuable fish species and the relatively hig...

fish including; barbus spp, cyprinus carpio, liza abu and aspius vorax have very important role in the economic condition of the rural areas of khuzestan province. these fish have been consumed as fried or roasted. inadequately cooked fish, could be served as a source of infection in these communities. for this reasons, 701 fish were trapped from 4 lagoons (atash, sobhanieh, al-hai, houfel) and...

Sharks have a distinctive shape that remained practically unchanged through hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Nonetheless, there are variations of this shape that vary between and within species. We attempt to explain these variations by examining the partial derivatives of the cost of transport of a generic shark with respect to buoyancy, span and chord of its pectoral fins, length, ...