The Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP) was praised for turning the country's food deficit into a surplus after inception in 2005. It is, however, not clear whether these security gains spill over to equity distribution of welfare. We examine effects FISP on per-capita consumption convergence, 2251 households interviewed 2010–2013 Integrated Household Panel Survey. analysis employs Lewbel ...

BACKGROUND The global increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes occurred after the worldwide spread of B-vitamins fortification, in which whether long-term exposure to high level of B vitamins plays a role is unknown. Our aim was to examine the relationships between B-vitamins consumption and the obesity and diabetes prevalence. METHODS This population based ecological study was conducted ...

International comparisons of alcohol consumption and its consequences can serve multiple purposes. For example, despite differences among countries in drinking cultures, drink sizes and strengths, and methods of measuring alcohol consumption, international survey research has provided a substantial amount of information on the rates of abstinence or current drinking, the frequency of drinking o...

Since the early 1970s, electricity consumption per capita in California has stayed nearly constant, while rising steadily for the US as a whole. At the same time, state energy policies have led the nation in encouraging energy e ciency programs and stringent appliance and building standards. In addition to regulatory policy, California has incentivized utilities to implement a diverse set of pr...

OBJECTIVES Analysis of the evolution of colorectal cancer in Spain during the period 1951-2007 and its relationship with diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Calculation of incidence rates, standardized mortality and years of potential life lost (world population) and per capita consumption of different foods. RESULTS Red and processed meats, poultry, fish and fruits intake has increased and consumpt...

We use a Barro–Becker model of endogenous fertility, in which parents are subject to idiosyncratic shocks that are private information (either to labor productivity or taste for leisure), to study the efficient degree of consumption inequality in the long run. The planner uses the trade-off between family size and future consumption and leisure, to provide incentives for workers to reveal their...

Tobacco control efforts increased smoking abstinence up until 1990; however, in the mid-1990s, smoking prevalence rates and the U.S. per capita consumption leveled off and remained constant (CDC 1999b; Taylor 2001; see Chapter 8). Per capita consumption again declined in 1999 following the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) and a subsequent increase in the cost of cigarettes. However, it is uncl...

This paper tries to examine the Granger causality between electricity consumption per capita and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for India using annual data covering the period 1950–51 to 1996–97. Phillips–Perron tests reveal that both the series, after logarithmic transformation, are non-stationary and individually integrated of order one. This study finds the absence of long-run equil...

The paper examines the income elasticity of electric power consumption power (YEEPC) in Africa. This study constitutes the first attempt to explore the relationship between electricity consumption per capita and real GDP per capita for 16 African countries in a panel dimension over the period 1971 – 2002. Bi-directional causality exists and all tests support a long run relationship between the ...