„ The clinical course of schizophrenia can be characterized by four stages: a premorbid stage often recognized in individuals with family histories of the disorder, a prodromal stage where subclinical symptoms are first expressed, the first episode of schizophrenia when psychosis first appears in its full form and a maintenance stage of schizophrenia when there may be active or residual psychot...

diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis can be confirmed based on clinical and/or radiological features. the potential of a progressive disease can be prevented or decreased by earlier recognition and correction of associated factors. obesity and alignment especially varus malalignment are recognized factors of a progressive disease. both nonpharmalogical as well as pharmacological modalities of treat...

Abstract The SARS-Cov-2 virus causes a broad range of symptoms, including in the musculoskeletal system. Children who are infected with usually have mild to moderate symptoms but can develop clinical picture termed "multisystem inflammatory syndrome children and adolescents COVID-19 (MIS-C)". Joint involvement this is infrequent poorly characterized. We present what we believe be first well-doc...

OBJECTIVE Duplication of the LMNB1 gene encoding lamin B1 causes adult-onset autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) starting with autonomic symptoms, which are followed by pyramidal signs and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain reveals characteristic findings. This is the first longitudinal study on this disease. Our objective is to describe the natural clinical and radiolog...

Diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis can be confirmed based on clinical and/or radiological features. The potential of a progressive disease can be prevented or decreased by earlier recognition and correction of associated factors. Obesity and alignment especially varus malalignment are recognized factors of a progressive disease. Both nonpharmalogical as well as pharmacological modalities of treat...

purpose: to report two cases of conversion disorder with unilateral psychogenic pseudoptosis. case reports: the first case was 21 years old man who developed sudden ptosis of his left eye, since 2 weeks ago. the patient had episodes of upper lid drooping during the last 7 months; the second case was a 10 years old girl with history of ptosis since 6 months, after viral conjunctivitis. all neuro...

moslem pregnant women are inclined to fast during the month of ramadan. ketonuria and hypoglycemia are harmful in pregnancy. the aim of this study was to find out whether clinical symptoms and/ or calorie deficiency of fasting pregnant women before eftar (ending of the daily fast) can accurately predict ketonuria and hypoglycemia. in a descriptive study, 185 volunteer fasting pregnant women in ...

Our aim was to evaluate the short and long term efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy in Iranian patients with achalasia. In a randomized, double blind trial, 20 patients with achalasia, referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital, received either 80 units of botulinum toxin (BT) or placebo (PL) from 1995 to 1998. Two weeks later, the response to treatment was assessed on the basis of changes in the...

background: a number of drugs are used to control opioid withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. tramadol, as a partial opioid agonist, has been widely used to manage acute and chronic pains. the present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of tramadol in methadone-assisted detoxification.   methods: in a double-blind randomized clinical trial 72 opioid-dependent patients as define...