introduction: nager syndrome is a malformation resulting from problems in the development of the first and second branchial arches and limb buds. the cause of the abnormal development of the pharyngeal arches in nager syndrome is unknown. it is also unclear why affected individuals have bone abnormalities in their arms and legs. nager syndrome is thought to have an autosomal recessive inheritan...

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients consecutively referred to the senior authors at a tertiary-care Pediatric Otolaryngology clinic for fi rst branchial cleft anomalies over a 14-year period. Patients underwent computerized tomography scan with contrast, otoscopy plus tympanic microsurgery, when indicated (29%), methylene blue mapping of the cutaneous opening, whe...

INTRODUCTION: Second branchial cleft anomalies most commonly present as cysts followed by sinuses and fistulae. They have been classified into four different sub-types Bailey. Type II is common type where the cyst (BCC) lies anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior submandibular gland, adjacent lateral carotid sheath. In this article, a case of second anomaly presented. CASE REPORT: Th...

Objectives. First branchial cleft anomalies (BCAs) constitute a rare entity with variable clinical presentations and anatomic findings. Given the high rate of recurrence with incomplete excision, identification of the entire tract during surgical treatment is of paramount importance. The objectives of this paper were to present five anatomic variations of first BCAs and describe the presentatio...