Flow boiling of HFE 7000 in five parallel microchannels of 222 m hydraulic diameter, each containing a single row of 24 in-line 100 m pin fins, was investigated. High speed photography revealed the dominant flow patterns, namely, the bubbly flow, the multiple flow, and the wavy-annular flow. The interaction of the bubble with the pin fins during nucleate boiling from G 350 kg /m2 s to G 827 kg ...

The parasites that normally cause fish disease under farming condition possess a direct life cycle with no need to intermediate hosts for dissemination. The ensuing infection can therefore spread rapidly inducing more damaging lesions in the external parts of host especially the gills. In this study, in order to isolate and identify foreign parasites of phytophagous fish in Guilan province, 4 f...

This work evaluates the influence of combining twisted fins in a triple-tube heat exchanger utilised for latent thermal energy storage (LHTES) three-dimensional numerical simulation and comparing outcome with cases straight no fins. The phase change material (PCM) is annulus between inner outer tube, these tubes include cold fluid that flows counter current path, to solidify PCM release energy....

This study has been carried out to investigate the biological and environmental parameters influencing the settlement and post-settlement survival of the infective stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis KrOyer 1837. The abiotic factors investigated were temperature and salinity. Temperature was found to have a significant effect on the settlement success of the copepodids with an inverse relationshi...

Classical hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origin of paired appendages propose transformation of precursor structures (gill arches and lateral fin folds) into paired fins. During development, gnathostome paired appendages form as outgrowths of body wall somatopleure, a tissue composed of somatic lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and overlying ectoderm. In amniotes, LPM contributes connective ti...

The median fins of fishes consist of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins and have long been thought to play an important role in generating locomotor force during both steady swimming and maneuvering. But the orientations and magnitudes of these forces, the mechanisms by which they are generated, and how fish modulate median fin forces have remained largely unknown until the recent advent of Digi...

Locomotion is an integral aspect of the prey capture strategy of almost every predatory animal. For fishes that employ suction to draw prey into their mouths, locomotor movements are vital for the correct positioning of the mouth relative to the prey item. Despite this, little is known regarding the relationships between locomotor movements and prey capture. To gain insights into how fishes mov...

Ray-finned fishes actively control the shape and orientation of their fins to either generate or resist hydrodynamic forces. Because of the emergent mechanical properties of their segmented, bilaminar fin rays (lepidotrichia), and actuation by multiple muscles, fish can control the rigidity and curvature of individual rays independently, thereby varying the resultant forces across the fin surfa...