The ultimate goal of this research is to construct a hybrid model for sound propagation in layered underwater environments with curved boundaries by employing a di↵erential formulation for inhomogeneous layers and a boundary integral formulation for homogeneous layers. The discretization of the new hybrid model is a combination of a finite di↵erence method for the Helmholtz equation for inhomog...

Objectives: The present study aims to fi nd out the correlation of maxillary anterior teeth and nose width in a dentate population Gandhara University, Peshawar.Methods materials: was students Peshawar. Out these total 211 were invited participate study. Both male female included sample population. Ethical clearance obtained from institution University. Informed consent also participants Intera...

The robustness of shape recovery based on deformable models depends in general on the relative di erence of position and topology of the model with respect to the data a close initialization with correct topology guaranties a proper recovery of the object Furthermore the closeness of the initial model greatly in uences the time of computation needed for the recovery In this paper we propose a m...

This paper introduces a method to detect and identify faults in wheeled mobile robots. The idea behind the method is to use adaptive estimation to predict (in parallel) the outcome of several faults. Models of the system behavior under each type of fault are embedded in the various parallel estimators (each of which is a Kalman Filter). Each lter is thus tuned to a particular fault. Using its e...

The formulation and the implementation of boundary conditions within the context of the quadrature-free form of the discontinuous Galerkin method are presented for several types of boundary conditions for the Euler equations. An important feature of the discontinuous Galerkin method is that the interior point algorithm is well behaved in the neighborhood of the boundary and requires no modi cat...

To solve the problem of tradeo between exploration and exploitation actions in reinforcement learning, the authors have proposed two-dimensional evaluation reinforcement learning, which distinguishes between reward and punishment evaluation forecasts. The proposed method uses the di erence between reward evaluation and punishment evaluation as a factor for determining the action and the sum as ...

The problem of estimating the di erence in arrival times of a sinusoid received at two spatially separated sensors is considered. Given the sinusoidal frequency, a simple delay estimator using the phase di erence of the discrete time Fourier transforms (DTFTs) of the received signals is devised. With the use of periodogram, the algorithm is extended to estimate the delay when the frequency is u...

Equivalent transformation has been proposed as a method ology for providing programs with appropriate data structures For in stance logic programs which use lists are transformed into equivalent programs that use di erence lists However lists and di erence lists are both usual terms and in this sense no new data structures are introduced in the transformation Since logic programming has xed dat...

Processes are central for geographic information science; yet geographic information systems (GIS) lack capabilities to represent process related information. A prerequisite to including processes in GIS software is a general method to describe geographic processes independently of application disciplines. This paper presents such a method, namely a process description language. The vocabulary ...