The intensities of the myosin-based layer lines in the x-ray diffraction patterns from live resting frog skeletal muscles with full thick-thin filament overlap from which partial lattice sampling effects had been removed were analyzed to elucidate the configurations of myosin crossbridges around the thick filament backbone to nanometer resolution. The repeat of myosin binding protein C (C-prote...

In the swimming of micro-organisms such as spermatozoa the Reynolds number involved in the flow is 0(10V3) which implies that propulsion is due predominantly to viscous forces. In such low Reynolds number problems. the equations governing the fluid are the linearized Navier-Stokes equations called the creeping motion or the Stokes equations. Taylor (1951) initiated the quantitative study of the...

Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is an accessory protein of striated muscle thick filaments and a modulator of cardiac muscle contraction. Defects in the cardiac isoform, cMyBP-C, cause heart disease. cMyBP-C includes 11 Ig- and fibronectin-like domains and a cMyBP-C-specific motif. In vitro studies show that in addition to binding to the thick filament via its C-terminal region, cMyBP-C can a...

From yeast to man, an evolutionary distance of 1.3 billion years, the F-actin filament structure has been conserved largely in line with the 94% sequence identity. The situation is entirely different in bacteria. In comparison to eukaryotic actins, the bacterial actin-like proteins (ALPs) show medium to low levels of sequence identity. This is extreme in the case of the ParM family of proteins,...

One paradox of evolution is the actin filament, which is an obligate right-handed, double-stranded helical filament in eukaryotes, yet forms diverse architectures in prokaryotes (1) (Fig. 1). Uncovering the origin of this asymmetrical distribution in filament morphologies is fundamental to understanding the emergence of the domains of cellular life. The variation in actin amino acid sequences m...

The fine magnetic structure is vitally important to understanding the formation, stabilization and eruption of solar filaments, but so far, it still an open question yet be resolved. Using stereoscopic observations taken by Solar Dynamics Observatory TErrestrial RElations Obsevatory, we studied generation mechanism a two-sided-loop jet (TJ) ejection process plasma into overlying filament-cavity...

A liquid metal filament supported on a dielectric substrate was directed to fragment into an ordered, mesoscale particle ensemble. Imposing an undulated surface perturbation on the filament forced the development of a single unstable mode from the otherwise disperse, multimodal Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The imposed mode paved the way for a hierarchical spatial fragmentation of the filament ...

When an elastic filament spins in a viscous incompressible fluid it may undergo a whirling instability, as studied asymptotically by Wolgemuth, Powers, and Goldstein [Phys. Rev. Lett., 84 (2000), pp. 16–23]. We use the immersed boundary (IB) method to study the interaction between the elastic filament and the surrounding viscous fluid as governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. T...

Forty-one filament kits were measured for filament application force, single and multitester application force repeatability, and comparison of filament repeatability with that of other hand held instruments. Results of this study show that if their lengths and diameters are correct, the filaments produce application forces that are repeatable within a predictable range. All hand held instrumen...

With respect to the investigation of low pressure filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition processes for diamond formation, absolute concentrations of atomic hydrogen were determined by two-photon laserinduced fluorescence in the vicinity of a heated filament in an environment containing H(2) or mixtures of H(2)and CH(4). Radial H concentration profiles were obtained for different pressures ...