OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of volume segmentation of fetal intracranial structures using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, and to estimate differences in the volume of intracranial structures between intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) and appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) fetuses. METHODS Total intracranial, frontal, thalamic and cerebellar volu...

Portbury, Andrea L., Rashmi Chandra, Marybeth Groelle, Michael K. McMillian, Alana Elias, James R. Herlong, Maribel Rios, Suzanne Roffler-Tarlov, and Dona M. Chikaraishi. Catecholamines act via a -adrenergic receptor to maintain fetal heart rate and survival. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284: H2069–H2077, 2003. First published February 6, 2003; 10.1152/ajpheart.00588.2002.— Mice lacking cate...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the feasibility and reproducibility of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) for evaluation of cardiac volume, mass, and function and to characterize maturational changes of these measurements in human fetuses. METHODS Eighty pregnant women in the 2(nd) and 3(rd) trimesters (59 with normal fetuses and 21 with fetuses with congenital heart disease [...

Objective(s): This study investigated the possible effects of low (3 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) doses of nicotine on the skeletal development of rat fetuses by the double staining method and the protective role of melatonin (10 mg/kg) against these effects.Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups (n=3, each) as control, low-dose nicotine, high-...

Twenty primiparous Limousine ewes whose fetuses had been chronically catheterized in utero on day 120 of gestation were used. Plasma aldosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay during the last 15 days of gestation both in dams and fetuses, and during the first neonatal week in lambs. Aldosterone metabolic clearance rates in dams, fetuses and newborns were determined by continuous infus...

This study was designed to investigate the possible developmental teratogenicity of norfloxacin in rats. Forty pregnant female rats were divided into four equal groups. Group A received norfloxacin in a dose of 500 mg/kg·b·wt/day orally from 6th to 15th day of gestation. Groups B and C received 1000 and 2000 mg/kg·b·wt/day orally for the same period, respectively; Group D behaved as control and...

The concept of fetuses being 'patients' can serve a benign protective, cautionary purpose, alerting healthcare providers and pregnant women to the implications that medical treatment can have for fetuses. The concept allows women to provide the children they intend to deliver with the care they consider appropriate. A negative effect occurs, however, if healthcare providers decide to treat preg...

Reviewing the Anxiety in Pregnant Mothers with Fetuses Having Positive Cardiac Anomaly and Its Relation Birth Outcomes