This paper reviews potential explanations of the continued fertility decline in developed countries that are provided by the economic theory of the family and discusses their implications regarding the appropriateness of public interventions. Theoretical approaches covered are the quantity–quality interaction in parental fertility decisions; time-allocation models with rising opportunity costs ...

A country's total fertility rate (TFR) depends on many factors. Attributing changes in TFR to changes of policy is difficult, as they could easily be correlated with changes in the unmeasured drivers of TFR. A case in point is Australia where both pronatalist effort and TFR increased in lock step from 2001 to 2008 and then decreased. The global financial crisis or other unobserved confounders m...

Complete egg production data from a pair breeding flock located in South Africa were used to generate annual reproductive records for all hens exposed to breeding. Traits analysed included measures of total egg and chick production and related traits, along with egg and chick weights. Both genetic and non-genetic factors significantly influenced reproductive performance. Seasonal effects, durat...

Cross-country differences in both the age at first birth and fertility are substantial in Europe. This paper uses distinct fluctuations in unemployment rates across European countries during the 1980s and the 1990s combined with broad differences in their labor market arrangements to analyze the associations between fertility timing and the changing economic environment with close to 50,000 wom...

Inadequate demographic data in Lesotho inhibits demographic research. Nonetheless, indirect demographic techniques have proven to be useful tools in the developing world, as their application to census and survey data has greatly expanded knowledge of the demographic situation in data deficient countries (Brass, 1996). The different techniques are based on specific assumptions and robustness of...

The role of health has never entered the debate about migrant fertility. main goal this work was to explore, for first time, relationship between and fertility intentions among migrants by gender, duration stay parity. Three measures were considered: self-rated health, presence chronic illnesses mental health. We compiled data from Italian survey "Social Condition Integration Foreign Citizens" ...

With inequality at the forefront of economic development, this paper examined impact gender on growth in South Africa. Different dimensions were considered, including female education, labor force participation, fertility, and representation women political arena (democracy). The research applied a quantitative approach (Autoregressive Distributive lag) (ARDL) with secondary data proportion all...

Considerable attention of the world community is now focused on implementation measures in interests achieving global food security for future generations. Particular aspects this problem include efforts aimed at increasing crop yields through use fertilizers. The purpose review to analyze experience using organic and mineral fertilizers increase cryolithozone European part Russia purposes. fer...

The article is devoted to the analysis of fertility indicators in Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Along with total rate for all births, author traces dynamics birth order-specific rates, as well actual cohort rates estimated by 2010 All-Russian census data. Particular attention paid differences between these urban districts and municipal areas region. When considering possible relationship imple...

The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic association of body energy assessed throughout lactation with a cow's fertility. Nine direct and indirect body energy traits were defined at different stages of lactation. Four were daily records of energy balance, energy content, cumulative effective energy (CEE) and body condition score (BCS) calculated between lactation days 4 and 311. ...