The distribution of magnetic moments in finite ferromagnetic bodies was first investigated by Landau an Lifshitz in a famous paper, where they obtained the domain structure of a ferromagnetic crystal at low temperatures, in the regime of saturated magnetization. We propose a generalization of the above approach, using from the start the Landau theory of phase transitions, where the free energy ...

The new era of spintronics promises the development of nanodevices, where the electron spin will be used to store information and charge currents will be replaced by spin currents. For this, ferromagnetic semiconductors at room temperature are needed. We report on significant room-temperature spin polarization of EuS in Co/EuS multilayers recorded by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Th...

Corrosion is one of the important factors in equipment failures. Wall thinning can be used to evaluate corrosion conditions. However, most of equipments are coated with insulations in order to elevate the energy efficiency. Pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing technique can be used to measure wall thinning through insulation. But when the insulation outside is wrapped with galvanized steel, PEC si...

Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study the Z 6 ferromagnet in a random field on simple cubic lattices, which is a simple model for randomly pinned charge-density waves. The random field is chosen to have infinite strength and random direction on a fraction x of the sites of the lattice, and to be zero on the remaining sites. For x= 1/16 there are two phase transitions. At low temperatu...

The temperature dependence of eigenfrequencies and intensities of the IR active modes has been investigated for the antiferromagnetic chromium spinel compounds CdCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, ZnCr2S4, ZnCr2Se4, and HgCr2S4 by IR spectroscopy for temperatures from 5 K to 300 K. At the transition into the magnetically ordered phases, and driven by spin-phonon coupling, most compounds reveal significant splitti...