Ester–aldehyde fraction (EAF) is a by-product of ethyl-alcohol-producing companies whose purification requires an expensive process. The results this study illustrate the environmentally friendly and alternative possibility using EAF to increase their value as substrate produce α-ketoglutaric acid (KGA) different yeasts. It was found that some species genera Babjeviella, Diutina, Moesziomyces, ...

The fermentation of Streptomyces griseus for the production of cycloheximide is similar to other antibiotic fermentations in that product synthesis is subject to feedback regulation and the desired product is degraded in the fermentation broth. The productivity of this fermentation can thus be dramatically increased by removing the antibiotic from the whole broth as it is produced. One means fo...

Continuous operation is often chosen for conceptual designs of biological processing of cellulosic biomass to ethanol to achieve higher volumetric productivities. Furthermore, continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) can handle higher solids concentrations than possible in batch mode due to broth thinning at partial conversion in a continuous fermentor. However, experience and literature data ar...

Cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium metacestodes is a worldwide public health problem. Important progress in the development of effective and practical vaccines against this disease has been made. In this study, the promising T. solium oncospheral vaccine candidate named TSOL18 antigen was produced in a 5-liter fermentor. During the process of fermentation, the pH of the culture was always ke...

Chlorella is a promising alternative source of lutein, as it can be cultivated heterotrophically with high efficiency. In this study, the carotenoids in Chlorella pyrenoidosa heterotrophically cultivated in a 19-litre fermentor have been analyzed and determined by using HPLC and HPLC-MS. A biochemical system theory (BST) model was developed for understanding the regulatory features of carotenoi...

The effect of pH on rumen fermentation and microbial population was studied in a continuously cultured rumen ecosystem. A marked decrease in the production of volatile fatty acids and methane from alfalfa hay occurred when the cultures were maintained at pH values below 6.0. The decrease in acetate and methane production was greater than that of propionate production. The culture maintained at ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of intact oral biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Mixed-species biofilms were grown on enamel discs in a constant depth film fermentor. The biofilms were fed with a mucin-containing artificial saliva with or without sucrose supplementation. Biofilms were examined using a Wild-Leitz CLSM, operating in reflected light m...