We study the monopolistic competition model with producer-retailer-consumers two-level interaction. The industry is organized according to Dixit–Stiglitz model. retailer only monopolist. A quadratic utility function represents consumer preferences. consider case of retailer's leadership; namely, we two types behavior: and without free entry condition. Earlier, obtained result: increase social w...

Miners in a blockchain system are suffering from ever-increasing storage costs, which general have not been properly compensated by the users’ transaction fees. This reduces incentives for miners’ participation and may jeopardize security. To mitigate this insufficient fee issue, we propose Fee Waiting Tax (FWT) mechanism, explicitly considers two types of negative externalities system. Specifi...

Three key research questions are identified and analyzed in this article. First is an investigation of whether Medicare already pays physicians using de facto fee schedules. Evidence from South Carolina suggests not. Second is an evaluation of the physician procedures and specialties likely to be affected by imposition of a Medicare fee schedule. Medical visits are identified as especially susc...

The author performed a preliminary empirical study of forensic fee agreements. A survey of forensic psychiatrists produced samples of fee agreements used for expert witness work. The samples were analyzed to determine patterns of usage, critical elements, styles of agreement design, and other observations. Despite uncertainties of payment in this field, a surprising number of experts do not use...

This article evaluates changes in the use of drug services and the corresponding costs when the conventional fee-for-service system for reimbursement of pharmacists under medicaid is replaced by a capitation system. The fee-for-service system usually covers ingredient costs plus a fixed professional dispensing fee. The capitation system provided a cash payment (which varied by aid category and ...

User fee removal has been put forward as an approach to increasing priority health service utilization, reducing impoverishment, and ultimately reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. However, user fees are a source of facility revenue in many low-income countries, often used for purchasing drugs and supplies and paying incentives to health workers. This paper reviews evidence on the effects ...