Translation speed can affect the cotranslational folding of nascent peptide. Experimental observations have indicated that slowing down translation rates of codons can increase the probability of protein cotranslational folding. Recently, a kinetic modeling indicates that fast translation can also increase the probability of cotranslational protein folding by avoiding misfolded intermediates. W...

AIMS This study aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of selective fast pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and a prolonged PR interval during sinus rhythm. Such patients have been reported to have an increased incidence of complete atrioventricular block. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the earliest retrograde atrial activation during atrioven...

There are five known subtypes of muscarinic receptors (M(1)-M(5)). We have used knockout mice lacking the M(1), M(2), or M(4) receptors to determine which subtypes mediate modulation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in mouse sympathetic neurons. Muscarinic agonists modulate N- and L-type Ca(2+) channels in these neurons through two distinct G-protein-mediated mechanisms. One pathway is fast and...

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with [1-13C]glucose to measure the effect of endurance training and the effect of various metabolic conditions on pathways of hepatic glycogen synthesis. Four metabolic states [sedentary (S), trained (T), sedentary exhausted (SE), and trained exhausted (TE)] were studied. T and TE rats were trained on a motor-driven treadmill (30 m/min, 15% grade, 1.0 h/d...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the distribution of gap junctions and ion channels in the atrioventricular node, even though the physiology and pathology of the atrioventricular node is ultimately dependent on them. METHODS AND RESULTS The abundance of 30 transcripts for markers, gap junctions, ion channels, and Ca(2+)-handling proteins in different regions of the rabbit atrioventricular nod...

The cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), a key regulator of gene expression, is activated by phosphorylation on Ser-133. Several different protein kinases possess the capability of driving this phosphorylation, making it a point of potential convergence for multiple intracellular signaling cascades. Previous work in neurons has indicated that physiologic synaptic stimulation recruits...

In case of the first possibility (AVRT), an accessory pathway is responsible for the retrograde limb of the tachycardia circuit (there is no evidence for anterograde conduction over the accessory pathway on the ECG in sinus rhythm, as show in Fig. 1b of the question). Therefore a ‘concealed’ accessory pathwaymust be present. Anterograde conduction occurs over a dual AV nodal pathway (Fig. 2, up...

Background Cyclic guanosine monophospat (cGMP) is a second messenger activating intracellular protein kinases as part of the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway. Fast and reliable quantification of cGMP is therefore of major importance for scientific advancement in this field. However, until now only cumbersome immunoassays for the quantification of cGMP are available. Here we present a fast, reliab...

A 41-year-old male with situs inversus totalis had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. On electrophysiology study, the mechanism of the tachycardia was determined as slow/fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and slow pathway was successfully performed under fluoroscopic guidance.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a biological process of learning and memory after a high-frequency train of electrical stimulations. By binding of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB) receptors in postsynaptic neurons, tyrosine kinase Fyn is bound to these receptors and hereby plays a mediating role to binding and activation of N-methyl-D-aspartic aci...