BACKGROUND Zambia's fertility rate and unmet need for family planning are still high. This is in spite of the progress reported from 1992 to 2007 of the increase in contraceptive prevalence rate from 15% to 41% and use of modern methods of family planning from 9% to 33%. However, partner disapproval of family planning has been cited by many women in many countries including Zambia. Given the ef...

Many women who give birth during their teenage years face lifetime disadvantages in health, social and economic domains. To develop effective policies to support these mothers, it is important understand how the disadvantage evolves over time target timing of any interventions. This paper focuses on health outcomes seeks determine role motherhood likely channels through which may contribute dis...

Unintended pregnancy is among the most troubling public health problems and a major reproductive health issue worldwide imposing appreciable socioeconomic burden on individuals and society. Governments generally plan to control growth of births (especially wanted births as well as orphans and illegitimate births) imposing extra burden on public funding of the governments which inevitably affect...

Introduction: Women are facing inequalities including health, thus their health deserves attention. Investigating people’s health status from their viewpoints is an important measure in terms of public health of society and an indicator to determine the efficiency of health system.  This study aimed at evaluating the self-assessed health of older women living in Shiraz and Yasuj. ...

the findings revealed that about 31 percent of women were below and 69% were above the food poverty line. comparison of averages of some variables including education status, employment (head of household), income, banking facilities such as credit and loans, property and assets, savings, economic skills, economic participation, government supports, husband's attitude, self-confidence, self-est...

In this paper, using a production framework in which skilled and unskilled labor are imperfect substitutes, I analyze the time paths of the efficiencies of skilled and unskilled labor and their implications for economic growth and wage inequality in the US between 1950 and 2005. There are two main findings. First, I find that skilled labor efficiency has grown more slowly since the mid 1970s. S...

This study investigates the incentives for labor migration of youth in rural China using panel data from the Gansu Survey of Children and Families, a longitudinal study of youth in rural Gansu Province of China. We investigate the individual and altruistic economic motivations featured prominently in demographic and economic research on migration. However, we propose that the non-economic goal ...

the recent increasing number of women in organizations has not been associated with their appropriate positions. therefore, potential capacity of half of active workforce is not utilized fully in managerial positions for organizational success. this study investigates why women are less likely to achieve higher positions in organizations .the study identifies barriers of women's access to ...